MicroRNA-555 has potent antiviral properties against poliovirus

Vaccination with live-attenuated polio vaccine has been the primary reason for the drastic reduction of poliomyelitis worldwide. However, reversion of this attenuated poliovirus vaccine occasionally results in the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses that may cause poliomyelitis. Thus, the deve...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of general virology 2016-03, Vol.97 (3), p.659-668
Main Authors: Shim, Byoung-Shik, Wu, Weilin, Kyriakis, Constantinos S, Bakre, Abhijeet, Jorquera, Patricia A, Perwitasari, Olivia, Tripp, Ralph A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Enterovirus
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - genetics
Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - immunology
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - immunology
Picornaviridae
Poliomyelitis - genetics
Poliomyelitis - immunology
Poliomyelitis - virology
Poliovirus
Poliovirus - genetics
Poliovirus - physiology
RNA, Viral - genetics
RNA, Viral - metabolism
Virus Replication
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Summary:Vaccination with live-attenuated polio vaccine has been the primary reason for the drastic reduction of poliomyelitis worldwide. However, reversion of this attenuated poliovirus vaccine occasionally results in the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses that may cause poliomyelitis. Thus, the development of anti-poliovirus agents remains a priority for control and eradication of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate viral infection through targeting the viral genome or reducing host factors required for virus replication. However, the roles of miRNAs in poliovirus (PV) replication have not been fully elucidated. In this study, a library of 1200 miRNA mimics was used to identify miRNAs that govern PV replication. High-throughput screening revealed 29 miRNAs with antiviral properties against Sabin-2, which is one of the oral polio vaccine strains. In particular, miR-555 was found to have the most potent antiviral activity against three different oral polio attenuated vaccine strains tested. The results show that miR-555 reduced the level of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 (hnRNP C) required for PV replication in the infected cells, which in turn resulted in reduction of PV positive-strand RNA synthesis and production of infectious progeny. These findings provide the first evidence for the role of miR-555 in PV replication and reveal that miR-555 could contribute to the development of antiviral therapeutic strategies against PV.
ISSN:0022-1317
1465-2099
DOI:10.1099/jgv.0.000372