Kinematic rupture scenarios and synthetic displacement data: An example application to the Cascadia subduction zone

Scenario ruptures and ground motion simulation are important tools for studies of expected earthquake and tsunami hazards during future events. This is particularly important for large (Mw8+) and very large (Mw8.5+) events for which observations are still limited. In particular, synthetic waveforms...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth 2016-09, Vol.121 (9), p.6658-6674
Main Authors: Melgar, Diego, LeVeque, Randall J., Dreger, Douglas S., Allen, Richard M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Computer simulation
Data
Data processing
Displacement
Earthquake prediction
earthquake seismology
Earthquakes
Emergency warning programs
Geophysics
Global navigation satellite system
GNSS
GNSS data
Ground motion
Hazards
Kinematics
Mathematical models
Methods
Motion simulation
Navigation
Navigation satellites
Navigation systems
Plate tectonics
Probability theory
Rupture
Rupturing
Sampling
Satellites
Seismic activity
Seismology
Simulation
Slip
Stochasticity
Subduction
Subduction (geology)
Subduction zones
Tsunami hazard
Tsunamis
Warning systems
Waveforms
Weather hazards
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Summary:Scenario ruptures and ground motion simulation are important tools for studies of expected earthquake and tsunami hazards during future events. This is particularly important for large (Mw8+) and very large (Mw8.5+) events for which observations are still limited. In particular, synthetic waveforms are important to test the response of earthquake and tsunami warning systems to large events. These systems are not often exercised in this manner. We will show an application of the Karhunen‐Loève (K‐L) expansion to generate stochastic slip distributions of large events with an example application to the Cascadia subduction zone. We will discuss how to extend the static slip distributions obtained from the K‐L expansion to produce kinematic rupture models and generate synthetic long‐period displacement data at the sampling rates of traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations. We will validate the waveforms produced by this method by comparison to a displacement‐based ground motion prediction equation obtained from GNSS measurements of large earthquakes worldwide. Key Points Kinematic scenario ruptures can be created with the K‐L expansion Scenario ruptures are used to create synthetic GNSS data Synthetic data are important for hazards and warning
ISSN:2169-9313
2169-9356
DOI:10.1002/2016JB013314