Towards DNA methylation detection using biosensors

DNA methylation, a stable and heritable covalent modification which mostly occurs in the context of a CpG dinucleotide, has great potential as a biomarker to detect disease, provide prognoses and predict therapeutic responses. It can be detected in a quantitative manner by many different approaches...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analyst (London) 2016-10, Vol.141 (21), p.5922-5943
Main Authors: Syedmoradi, Leila, Esmaeili, Fariba, Norton, Michael L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Biosensing Techniques
Biosensors
Consumption
CpG Islands
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Devices
DNA Methylation
Genetic Markers
Humans
Loci
Methylation
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Obstacles
Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Summary:DNA methylation, a stable and heritable covalent modification which mostly occurs in the context of a CpG dinucleotide, has great potential as a biomarker to detect disease, provide prognoses and predict therapeutic responses. It can be detected in a quantitative manner by many different approaches both genome-wide and at specific gene loci, in various biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and serum, which can be obtained without invasive procedures. The current, classical methods are effective in studying DNA methylation patterns, however, for the most part; they have major drawbacks such as expensive instruments, complicated and time consuming protocols as well as relatively low sensitivity, and high false positive rates. To overcome these obstacles, great efforts have been made toward the development of reliable sensor devices to solve these limitations, providing sensitive, fast and cost-effective measurements. The use of biosensors for DNA methylation biomarkers has increased in recent years, because they are portable, simple, rapid, and inexpensive which offers a straightforward way to detect methylated biomarkers. In this review, we give an overview of the conventional techniques for the detection of DNA methylation and then will focus on recent advances in biosensor based methylation detection that eliminate bisulfite conversion and PCR amplification. DNA methylation, a stable and heritable covalent modification which mostly occurs in the context of a CpG dinucleotide, has great potential as a biomarker to detect disease, provide prognoses and predict therapeutic responses.
ISSN:0003-2654
1364-5528
DOI:10.1039/c6an01649a