Age-induced protein modifications and increased proteolysis in potato seed-tubers

• Published in: Plant physiology (Bethesda) 1999, Vol.119 (1), p.89-99
• Main Authors: Kumar, G.N.M, Houtz, R.L, Knowles, N.R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 4-guanidino; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; biochemical pathways; Biological and medical sciences; butane; cysteine proteinases; Daughters; deamidation; Economic plant physiology; Environmental and Stress Physiology; enzyme activity; Enzymes; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gels; glycation; Growth and development; Hydrolysis; leupeptin; Morphogenesis, differentiation, rhizogenesis, tuberization. Senescence; Mothers; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; patatin; peostatin; Plant physiology and development; plant proteins; potato multicystatin; Protease inhibitors; protein composition; protein synthesis; proteinase inhibitors; proteolysis; seed aging; seed tubers; Senescence and abscission; Solanum tuberosum; Sprouting; Tubers; Vegetative apparatus, growth and morphogenesis. Senescence
• ISSN: 0032-0889; 1532-2548
• DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.1.89

Long-term aging of potato (Solanum tuberosum) seed-tubers resulted in a loss of patatin (40 kD) and a cysteine-proteinase inhibitor, potato multicystatin (PMC), as well as an increase in the activities of 84-, 95-, and 125-kD proteinases. Highly active, additional proteinases (75, 90, and 100 kD) appeared in the oldest tubers. Over 90% of the total proteolytic activity in aged tubers was sensitive to trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido (4-guanidino) butane or leupeptin, whereas pepstatin was the most effective inhibitor of proteinases in young tubers. Proteinases in aged tubers were also inhibited by crude extracts or purified PMC from young tubers, suggesting that the loss of PMC was responsible for the age-induced increase in proteinase activity. Nonenzymatic oxidation, glycation, and deamidation of proteins were enhanced by aging. Aged tubers developed "daughter" tubers that contained 3-fold more protein than "mother" tubers, with a polypeptide profile consistent with that of young tubers. Although PMC and patatin were absent from the older mother tubers, both proteins were expressed in the daughter tubers, indicating that aging did not compromise the efficacy of genes encoding PMC and patatin. Unlike the mother tubers, proteinase activity in daughter tubers was undetectable. Our results indicate that tuber aging nonenzymatically modifies proteins, which enhances their susceptibility to breakdown; we also identify a role for PMC in regulating protein turnover in potato tubers.