Recognition of Mycobacterial Lipids by Immune Receptors

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), infects one-third of the world's population and causes 1.5 million deaths each year. The cell envelopes of mycobacteria comprise a wealth of unique glycolipids, including trehalose-6,6′-dimycolate (TDM), lipoarabinomann...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in immunology 2017-01, Vol.38 (1), p.66-76
Main Authors: Ishikawa, Eri, Mori, Daiki, Yamasaki, Sho
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
C-type lectin receptors
Cytokines
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Genes
glycolipids
Glycolipids - immunology
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Immunologic Factors - immunology
Infections
Lectins, C-Type - immunology
Lectins, C-Type - metabolism
Ligands
Lipids
mycobacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - immunology
Sensors
Tuberculosis - immunology
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Summary:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), infects one-third of the world's population and causes 1.5 million deaths each year. The cell envelopes of mycobacteria comprise a wealth of unique glycolipids, including trehalose-6,6′-dimycolate (TDM), lipoarabinomannan (LAM), lipomannan (LM), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) mannosides (PIMs). These lipids are important modulators of the host immune responses during infection and in some cases have been used as adjuvants [e.g., complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)]. Despite this abundant basic knowledge, the identities of the host immune receptors for mycobacterial lipids have long been elusive. Here we review and summarize our current state of knowledge regarding innate immune receptors for mycobacteria, focusing particularly on immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-coupled C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which have been shown to recognize mycobacteria-derived glycolipids.
ISSN:1471-4906
1471-4981
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2016.10.009