Elevated C‐Peptides, Abdominal Obesity, and Abnormal Adipokine Profile are Associated With Higher Gleason Scores in Prostate Cancer

• Published in: The Prostate 2017-02, Vol.77 (2), p.211-221
• Main Authors: Di Sebastiano, Katie M., Pinthus, Jehonathan H., Duivenvoorden, Wilhelmina C.M., Patterson, Laurel, Dubin, Joel A., Mourtzakis, Marina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipokines - blood; Adiponectin; Adipose tissue; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Biopsy; Body composition; Body Composition - physiology; C-Peptide - blood; central obesity; Health risk assessment; Humans; insulin; Insulin secretion; Leptin; Lifestyles; Male; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Obesity; Obesity, Abdominal - blood; Obesity, Abdominal - diagnosis; Peptides; Physical activity; Prospective Studies; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - blood; Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnosis; Risk Factors; waist circumference; Waist Circumference - physiology
• ISSN: 0270-4137; 1097-0045
• DOI: 10.1002/pros.23262

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer development is associated with numerous lifestyle factors (i.e., physical activity, nutrition intake) and metabolic perturbations. These factors have been studied independently; here, we used an integrative approach to characterize these lifestyle and metabolic parameters in men undergoing diagnostic prostate biopsies. METHODS We prospectively evaluated 51 consecutive men for body composition, metabolic factors including glucose‐ and lipid‐related measures, as well as lifestyle factors prior to prostate biopsy. Evaluations were performed in a blinded manner and were subsequently related to biopsy outcomes for: (i) presence or absence of cancer; and (ii) where cancer was present, Gleason score. RESULTS Serum C‐peptide concentrations were significantly greater in participants with Gleason scores ≥4 + 3 (2.8 ± 1.1 ng/ml) compared to those with Gleason 3 + 3 (1.4 ± 0.6 ng/ml) or Gleason 3 + 4 (1.3 ± 0.8 ng/ml, P = 0.002), suggesting greater insulin secretion despite lack of differences in fasting glucose concentrations. Central adiposity, measured by waist circumference, was significantly greater in participants with Gleason ≥4 + 3 (110.1 ± 7.4 cm) compared to those with Gleason 3 + 4 (102.0 ± 9.5 cm, P = 0.028). Men with Gleason ≥4 + 3 also had significantly greater leptin concentrations than those with lower Gleason scores (Gleason ≥4 + 3: 15.6 ± 3.3 ng/ml vs. Gleason 3 + 4: 8.1 ± 8.1 ng/ml, P