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Thalidomide and its analogues have distinct and opposing effects on TNF- alpha and TNFR2 during co-stimulation of both CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) T cells
Thalidomide (Thd) is clinically useful in a number of conditions where its efficacy is probably related to its anti-TNF- alpha activity. More recently, Thd has also been shown to co-stimulate T cells and second generation co-stimulatory (IMiD registered ) analogues are currently being assessed in th...
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Published in: | Clinical and experimental immunology 2002-10, Vol.130 (1), p.75-84 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Thalidomide (Thd) is clinically useful in a number of conditions where its efficacy is probably related to its anti-TNF- alpha activity. More recently, Thd has also been shown to co-stimulate T cells and second generation co-stimulatory (IMiD registered ) analogues are currently being assessed in the treatment of cancer patients. However, in contrast to their known suppressive effects during inflammatory stimuli, the effects of Thd/IMiDs on TNF- alpha and TNF receptors (TNFRs) during T cell co-stimulation are not known. We sought to determine the effect of Thd, two clinically relevant IMiDs (CC-4047, ACTIMID registered and CC-5013, REVIMID registered ) and a non-stimulatory SelCID analogue (CC-3052) on TNF- alpha production and on the expression and shedding of TNFRs during co-stimulation. We found that co-stimulation of PBMC with Thd/IMiDs, but not CC-3052, prevented alpha CD3-induced T cell surface expression of TNFR2 and thereby reduced soluble TNFR2 (sTNFR2) levels. However, there was no effect on total (surface/intracellular) TNFR2 protein expression, suggesting inhibition of trafficking to the cell membrane. The extent of co-stimulation by Thd/IMiDs (assessed by CD69/CD25 expression and IL-2/sIL-2R alpha production) was similar for CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) T lymphocytes and correlated with TNFR2 inhibition. Co-stimulation, but not the early inhibitory effect on TNFR2, was IL-2-dependent and led to increased TNF- alpha production by both CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) T lymphocytes. The clinical relevance of this observation was confirmed by the elevation of serum TNF- alpha during REVIMID registered treatment of patients with advanced cancer. Together, these results suggest a possible role for TNF-mediated events during co-stimulation and contrast with the TNF inhibitory effects of Thd and its analogues during inflammatory stimuli. |
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ISSN: | 0009-9104 |
DOI: | 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01954.x |