Behavioral responses of bobcats and coyotes to habitat fragmentation and corridors in an urban environment

• Published in: Biological conservation 2002-12, Vol.108 (3), p.299-306
• Main Authors: Tigas, Lourraine A., Van Vuren, Dirk H., Sauvajot, Raymond M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activity; Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Applied ecology; Autoecology; Biological and medical sciences; Bobcat; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife; Coyote; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Habitat fragmentation; Home range; Mammalia; Movement; Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking; Vertebrata; Wildlife corridor
• ISSN: 0006-3207; 1873-2917
• DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00120-9

We examined the behavior of bobcats and coyotes in a fragmented urban area northwest of Los Angeles, California, from July 1998 to October 1999. Activity patterns of bobcats and coyotes were crepuscular with no apparent shift to nocturnality, but activity was somewhat lower during daylight hours than in an unfragmented reference area, implying some avoidance of humans. Home ranges were not significantly larger in fragmented than in unfragmented habitat, probably because unproductive development within a home range may have been balanced by availability of human-related food, such as fruit, garbage, and pets. Female bobcat home ranges were generally within a single fragment, while male bobcats and coyotes of both sexes included more than one fragment. Both species tended to cross over roads rather than use culverts. Culverts were more likely to be used earlier in the night, during heavier traffic, and if they contained less water. Bobcats and coyotes used corridors as habitat and, less often, for travel. Both species also crossed development to move between fragments, but seemed to prefer corridors when available. Our results indicate that bobcats and coyotes persisting in an urban environment adjust behaviorally to habitat fragmentation and human activities, in part through temporal and spatial avoidance. Both species appeared willing to cross well-travelled roads despite the availability of culverts; consequently, vehicular collision is an important cause of mortality (50%) and needs attention.