Toxicity of cylindrospermopsin to the brine shrimp Artemia salina: comparisons with protein synthesis inhibitors and microcystins

• Published in: Toxicon (Oxford) 2002-08, Vol.40 (8), p.1115-1120
• Main Authors: Metcalf, J.S., Lindsay, J., Beattie, K.A., Birmingham, S., Saker, M.L., Törökné, A.K., Codd, G.A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Artemia; Artemia - physiology; Artemia salina; Bacterial Toxins; Bacteriology; Biological and medical sciences; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyanobacteria; Cyanobacteria - chemistry; Cyanobacteria - metabolism; Cyanophyta; Cylindrospermopsin; Cylindrospermopsis; Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Lethal Dose 50; Microbiology; Microcystin; Microcystins; Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains; Peptides, Cyclic - chemistry; Peptides, Cyclic - isolation & purification; Peptides, Cyclic - toxicity; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors - chemistry; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors - toxicity; Uracil - analogs & derivatives; Uracil - chemistry; Uracil - isolation & purification; Uracil - toxicity
• ISSN: 0041-0101; 1879-3150
• DOI: 10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00105-8

The Artemia salina bioassay was successfully applied to the analysis of the hepatotoxic cyanobacterial alkaloid and protein synthesis inhibitor, cylindrospermopsin. A dose-dependent response in mortality was observed for purified cylindrospermopsin and LC 50 values decreased with time from 8.1 to 0.71 μg ml −1, between 24 and 72 h, respectively. Cylindrospermopsin was slightly less potent than microcystin-LR, with similar LC 50 values on a gravimetric basis, but was more toxic to A. salina than the protein synthesis inhibitors, cycloheximide, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Cylindrospermopsin-containing strains of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were found to be toxic to A. salina and the LC 50 concentration for these strains over time was greater than the LC 50 for purified cylindrospermopsin, with the exception of C. raciborskii strain CR1.