Are the innate and adaptive immune systems setting hypertension on fire?

[Display omitted] Hypertension is the most common chronic cardiovascular disease and is associated with several pathological states, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Low-grade inflammation plays a key role in hypertension and the innate and adaptive immune system...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmacological research 2017-03, Vol.117, p.377-393
Main Authors: Bomfim, Gisele F., Rodrigues, Fernanda Luciano, Carneiro, Fernando S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity - immunology
Animals
Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology
DAMPs
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - immunology
Immune system
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Inflammation - immunology
NLRP3
Toll-like receptors
Vascular inflammation
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Summary:[Display omitted] Hypertension is the most common chronic cardiovascular disease and is associated with several pathological states, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Low-grade inflammation plays a key role in hypertension and the innate and adaptive immune systems seem to contribute to hypertension development and maintenance. Hypertension is associated with vascular inflammation, increased vascular cytokines levels and infiltration of immune cells in the vasculature, kidneys and heart. However, the mechanisms that trigger inflammation and immune system activation in hypertension are completely unknown. Cells from the innate immune system express pattern recognition receptors (PRR), which detect conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that induce innate effector mechanisms to produce endogenous signals, such as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, to alert the host about danger. Additionally, antigen-presenting cells (APC) act as sentinels that are activated by PAMPs and DAMPs to sense the presence of the antigen/neoantigen, which ensues the adaptive immune system activation. In this context, different lymphocyte types are activated and contribute to inflammation and end-organ damage in hypertension. This review will focus on experimental and clinical evidence demonstrating the contribution of the innate and adaptive immune systems to the development of hypertension.
ISSN:1043-6618
1096-1186
DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.010