Characterization of an Avipoxvirus From a Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Using Novel Consensus PCR Protocols for the rpo147 and DNA-Dependent DNA Polymerase Genes

A juvenile female bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was presented with emaciation and proliferative periocular lesions. The eagle did not respond to supportive therapy and was euthanatized. Histopathologic examination of the skin lesions revealed plaques of marked epidermal hyperplasia parakerat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2016-12, Vol.30 (4), p.378-385
Main Authors: Stephen, Alexa A, Leone, Angelique M, Toplon, David E, Archer, Linda L, Wellehan, James F. X
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acid substitution
Animals
Animals, Wild
avian
Avipoxvirus
Avipoxvirus - isolation & purification
bald eagle
Bird Diseases - diagnosis
Bird Diseases - virology
Clinical Report
Clinical Reports
consensus PCR
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase - genetics
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase - metabolism
Eagles
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - physiology
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral - physiology
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Lesions
Nodules
phylogenetic analyses
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary
Poxviridae
Poxviridae Infections - diagnosis
Poxviridae Infections - veterinary
Poxviridae Infections - virology
poxvirus
rpo147
Skin
Surgical specialties
Viral Proteins - genetics
Viral Proteins - metabolism
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Summary:A juvenile female bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was presented with emaciation and proliferative periocular lesions. The eagle did not respond to supportive therapy and was euthanatized. Histopathologic examination of the skin lesions revealed plaques of marked epidermal hyperplasia parakeratosis, marked acanthosis and spongiosis, and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were done to amplify and sequence DNA polymerase and rpo147 genes. The 4b gene was also analyzed by a previously developed assay. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the obtained sequences found it to be poxvirus of the genus Avipoxvirus and clustered with other raptor isolates. Better phylogenetic resolution was found in rpo147 rather than the commonly used DNA polymerase. The novel consensus rpo147 PCR assay will create more accurate phylogenic trees and allow better insight into poxvirus history.
ISSN:1082-6742
1938-2871
DOI:10.1647/2015-120