Sources of variance within and among young men in concentrations of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in axillary perspiration

Abstract The most potent estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2 ), and its precursor, testosterone (T), play critical roles in mammalian reproductive processes. Evidence indicates that these steroids are present in bioactive form in the excretions of many male mammals. It has been demonstrated that small lipop...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physiology & behavior 2017-05, Vol.173, p.23-29
Main Authors: Elliott, Brittney, Muir, Cameron, deCatanzaro, Denys
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Axilla
Estradiol
Estradiol - secretion
Exercise - physiology
Humans
Male
Perspiration
Pheromones
Psychiatry
Reproductive Behavior - psychology
Statistics as Topic
Surveys and Questionnaires
Sweating - physiology
Testosterone
Testosterone - secretion
Young Adult
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Summary:Abstract The most potent estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2 ), and its precursor, testosterone (T), play critical roles in mammalian reproductive processes. Evidence indicates that these steroids are present in bioactive form in the excretions of many male mammals. It has been demonstrated that small lipophilic steroids such as E2 can be absorbed by proximate females from male excretions, arriving in the uterus, brain, and other organs where there are estrogen receptors. We took repeated samples of axillary perspiration from men aged 20–30 years during vigorous exercise. Both steroids were consistently measurable, with concentrations that range from values comparable to those in facial perspiration and urine of both men and women to values that greatly exceed concentrations observed in any other substrate of men and women. Inter-individual variance in axillary E2 was positively correlated with the extent of intimate experience with women, as assessed by a questionnaire, but unrelated to subjective measures of stress, exercise habits, or phytoestrogen content of diet. In addition, higher levels of axillary E2 were observed in participants when samples were collected by a female (as compared to a male) experimenter. These data are concordant with an hypothesis that male excretion of sex steroids could exert pro-reproductive influences on proximate females.
ISSN:0031-9384
1873-507X
DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.036