Review of the oral toxicity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

Polyvinyl alcohols (PVA) (CAS no. 9002-89-5) are synthetic polymers used in a wide range of industrial, commercial, medical and food applications. The purpose of this review, this critical evaluation of the available information on PVA, is to support the safety of PVA as a coating agent for pharmace...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food and chemical toxicology 2003-03, Vol.41 (3), p.319-329
Main Authors: DeMerlis, C.C, Schoneker, D.R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Administration, Oral
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
chemical structure
coatings
dietary supplements
Dietary Supplements - toxicity
Female
food contact surfaces
food packaging
Humans
Intestinal Absorption
Lethal Dose 50
literature reviews
Male
Medical sciences
Mutagenicity Tests
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
packaging materials
poly(vinyl alcohol)
Polyvinyl Alcohol - administration & dosage
Polyvinyl Alcohol - pharmacokinetics
Polyvinyl Alcohol - toxicity
Reproduction - drug effects
Safety
safety testing
Tissue Distribution
toxicity testing
Toxicology
Various organic compounds
vinyl compounds
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Summary:Polyvinyl alcohols (PVA) (CAS no. 9002-89-5) are synthetic polymers used in a wide range of industrial, commercial, medical and food applications. The purpose of this review, this critical evaluation of the available information on PVA, is to support the safety of PVA as a coating agent for pharmaceutical and dietary supplement products. All the available information on PVA gleaned from a comprehensive search of the scientific literature were critically evaluated. Orally administered PVA is relatively harmless. The safety of PVA is based on the following: (1) the acute oral toxicity of PVA is very low, with LD(50)s in the range of 15-20 g/kg; (2) orally administered PVA is very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; (3) PVA does not accumulate in the body when administered orally; (4) PVA is not mutagenic or clastogenic; and (5) NOAELs of orally administered PVA in male and female rats were 5000 mg/kg body weight/day in the 90-day dietary study and 5000 mg/kg body weight/day in the two-generation reproduction study, which was the highest dose tested. A critical evaluation of the existing information on PVA supports its safety for use as a coating agent for pharmaceutical and dietary supplement products.
ISSN:0278-6915
1873-6351
DOI:10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00258-2