Nanotechnology for delivery of gemcitabine to treat pancreatic cancer

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most deadly and quickly fatal human cancers with a 5-year mortality rate close to 100%. Its prognosis is very poor, mainly because of its hostile biological behavior and late onset of symptoms for clinical diagnosis; these bring limitations on therapeuti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 2017-04, Vol.88, p.635-643
Main Authors: Birhanu, Gebremariam, Javar, Hamid Akbari, Seyedjafari, Ehsan, Zandi-Karimi, Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Deoxycytidine - administration & dosage
Deoxycytidine - analogs & derivatives
Deoxycytidine - therapeutic use
Drug Carriers - chemistry
Drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems
Gemcitabine
Humans
Internal Medicine
Medical Education
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology - methods
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic Neoplasms - drug therapy
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Summary:Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most deadly and quickly fatal human cancers with a 5-year mortality rate close to 100%. Its prognosis is very poor, mainly because of its hostile biological behavior and late onset of symptoms for clinical diagnosis; these bring limitations on therapeutic interventions. Factors contributing for the difficulties in treating PC include: high rate of drug resistance, fast metastasis to different organs, poor prognosis and relapse of the tumor after therapy. After being approved by US FDA 1997, Gemcitabine (Gem) is the first line and the gold standard drug for all stages of advanced PC till now. However, its efficacy is unsatisfactory, mainly due to; its chemical instability and poor cellular uptake, resulting in an extremely short half-life and low bioavailability. To solve this drawbacks and increase the therapeutic outcome important progress has been achieved in the field of nanotechnology and offers a promising and effective alternative. This review mainly focus on the most commonly investigated nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems of Gem for PC treatment and the latest progresses achieved. Novel nanocarriers with better tumor targeting efficiencies and maximum treatment outcome to treat this deadly due are given much attention.
ISSN:0753-3322
1950-6007
DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.071