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Modeling Local Water Storages Delivering Customer Demands in WDN Models
AbstractWater distribution network (WDN) models account for customer-demands as water withdrawals concentrated in nodes. Customer-demands can be assumed to be constant or varying with nodal head/pressure entailing demand-driven or pressure-driven simulation, respectively. In both cases, the direct c...
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Published in: | Journal of hydraulic engineering (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2014-01, Vol.140 (1), p.89-104 |
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Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | AbstractWater distribution network (WDN) models account for customer-demands as water withdrawals concentrated in nodes. Customer-demands can be assumed to be constant or varying with nodal head/pressure entailing demand-driven or pressure-driven simulation, respectively. In both cases, the direct connection of customer properties to the hydraulic system is implicitly assumed. Nonetheless, in many technical situations, the service pipe fills a local private storage (e.g., a roof tank or a basement tank) from which the water is actually delivered to customers by gravity or pumping systems. In such contexts, the service pipe fills the local tank by means of a top orifice. Consequently, what is really connected to the hydraulic system is a tank, which is subject to a filling/emptying process while supplying water to customers. Therefore, since modeling this technical situation in WDN analyses is necessary, the paper develops a formulation for nodal water withdrawals in WDN models accounting for the filling/emptying process of inline tanks between the hydraulic network and customers. The formulation is also introduced in a widely used method for steady-state WDN modeling, the global gradient algorithm, and its effectiveness to increase the hydraulic accuracy of results is discussed using a simple case study and a small network. |
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ISSN: | 0733-9429 1943-7900 |
DOI: | 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000812 |