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Design and development of electrochemical biosensor for the simultaneous detection of melamine and urea in adulterated milk samples

[Display omitted] •Simultaneous detection of melamine and urea in cow milk sample.•Optimization of chitosan membrane and electrochemical parameters for high selectivity towards melamine and urea.•Assay was constructed by establishing 24 linear regression models.•Error analysis was performed to verif...

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Published in:Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Chemical, 2017-01, Vol.238, p.1283-1292
Main Authors: Ezhilan, Madeshwari, Gumpu, Manju Bhargavi, Ramachandra, Bhat Lakshmishri, Nesakumar, Noel, Babu, K. Jayanth, Krishnan, Uma Maheswari, Rayappan, John Bosco Balaguru
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Language:English
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Simultaneous detection of melamine and urea in cow milk sample.•Optimization of chitosan membrane and electrochemical parameters for high selectivity towards melamine and urea.•Assay was constructed by establishing 24 linear regression models.•Error analysis was performed to verify practicability of these 24 linear regression models.•Developed sensor could detect picomolar concentrations of melamine and urea in cow milk sample. The consumption of melamine and urea contaminated cow milk causes indigestion, acidity, ulcers and kidney stones in humans. In this context, a highly sensitive acetylcholinesterase cyclic voltammetric biosensor based on zinc oxide nanospheres modified Pt electrode has been successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of melamine and urea in cow milk sample. The fabricated bioelectrode showed 100% permeability to the binary mixture of melamine and urea, which in-turn enhanced selectivity. In addition, linear regression models for the estimation of binary mixture of melamine and urea in cow milk were formulated by keeping added melamine and urea as dependent variables and the estimated electrochemical paremeters as independent variables. The prediction performance of linear regression models was validated using %recovery, relative prediction error and root mean square error for cross-validation. The developed Pt/ZnO/AChE/Chitosan bioelectrode detected melamine and urea over a range of 1–20nM with a limit of detection of 3 pM and 1 pM respectively. The proposed sensor exhibited good recovery (99.96–102.22%), thus providing a promising tool for analysis of melamine and urea in cow milk samples.
ISSN:0925-4005
1873-3077
DOI:10.1016/j.snb.2016.09.100