Systematic XPS study of gallium-substituted boehmite

Ga-substituted boehmites were synthesized using a soft-chemistry route in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant under hydrothermal conditions. The effect of Ga-substitution was studied by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Initial precipitates were amorphous (minor bay...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials science 2016-06, Vol.51 (11), p.5436-5444
Main Authors: Kloprogge, J. Theo, Wood, Barry J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amorphous materials
Boehmite
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemical synthesis
Chemistry and Materials Science
Classical Mechanics
Crystallography and Scattering Methods
Diffraction
Ethylene oxide
Force and energy
Gallium
Hydrothermal treatment
Materials Science
Organic chemistry
Original Paper
Photoelectrons
Polymer Sciences
Precipitates
Solid Mechanics
Substations
Substitutes
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray diffraction
X-ray spectroscopy
X-rays
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Summary:Ga-substituted boehmites were synthesized using a soft-chemistry route in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant under hydrothermal conditions. The effect of Ga-substitution was studied by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Initial precipitates were amorphous (minor bayerite). After hydrothermal treatment, XRD showed broad reflections at low Ga-substation indicating low crystallinity and formation of pseudoboehmite. This was confirmed by high-resolution XPS of Al 2p, Ga 2p, and O 1s. The Al 2p binding energy of 74.03 eV was closer to boehmite than pseudoboehmite, probably caused by the Ga-substitution in the structure. The O 1s showed the presence of O, OH, and H₂O. The ratio of (total O)/(Al + Ga) showed an excess of O as expected for pseudoboehmite. The ratio of (O + OH)/Al + Ga) was also slightly larger than the theoretical value of 2 for boehmite. High concentrations of added Ga (10, 20 %) resulted in amorphous material after hydrothermal treatment.
ISSN:0022-2461
1573-4803
DOI:10.1007/s10853-016-9847-1