Biomimetic whitlockite inorganic nanoparticles-mediated in situ remodeling and rapid bone regeneration

• Published in: Biomaterials 2017-01, Vol.112, p.31-43
• Main Authors: Kim, Hwan D, Jang, Hae Lin, Ahn, Hyo-Yong, Lee, Hye Kyoung, Park, Jungha, Lee, Eun-seo, Lee, Eunjee A, Jeong, Yong-Hoon, Kim, Do-Gyoon, Nam, Ki Tae, Hwang, Nathaniel S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Advanced Basic Science; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Biomimetic Materials - administration & dosage; Biomimetic Materials - chemical synthesis; Bone Regeneration - drug effects; Bone Regeneration - physiology; Bone Remodeling - drug effects; Bone Remodeling - physiology; Bone remodeling process; Bone tissue engineering; Bones; Calcification, Physiologic - drug effects; Calcification, Physiologic - physiology; Calcium Phosphates - administration & dosage; Calcium Phosphates - chemistry; Cells, Cultured; Cryogel; Dentistry; Differentiation; Humans; Hydroxyapatite; Inorganic phosphate; Ion metabolic pathway; Materials Testing; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - administration & dosage; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoparticles - ultrastructure; Particle Size; Regeneration; Remodeling; Surgical implants; Whitlockite
• ISSN: 0142-9612; 1878-5905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.009

Abstract Bone remodeling process relies on complex signaling pathway between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and control mechanisms to achieve homeostasis of their growth and differentiation. Despite previous achievements in understanding complicated signaling pathways between cells and bone extracellular matrices during bone remodeling process, a role of local ionic concentration remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic whitlockite (WH: Ca18 Mg2 (HPO4 )2 (PO4 )12 ) nanoparticles can recapitulate early-stage of bone regeneration through stimulating osteogenic differentiation, prohibiting osteoclastic activity, and transforming into mechanically enhanced hydroxyapatite (HAP)-neo bone tissues by continuous supply of PO43− and Mg2+ under physiological conditions. In addition, based on their structural analysis, the dynamic phase transformation from WH into HAP contributed as a key factor for rapid bone regeneration with denser hierarchical neo-bone structure. Our findings suggest a groundbreaking concept of ‘living bone minerals’ that actively communicate with the surrounding system to induce self-healing, while previous notions about bone minerals have been limited to passive products of cellular mineralization.