Sex-Differences in Skeletal Growth and Aging

Purpose of Review There have been numerous published reports describing skeletal differences between males and females. The goal of this report is to describe recent findings to help elucidate remaining questions. Recent Findings It is known that even in youth, there are sex differences in skeletal...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current osteoporosis reports 2017-04, Vol.15 (2), p.70-75
Main Author: Nieves, Jeri W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging - physiology
Biomechanics (M Silva and K Jepsen
Bone and Bones - diagnostic imaging
Bone and Bones - pathology
Bone Density - physiology
Bone Development - physiology
Epidemiology
Female
Fractures, Bone - epidemiology
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Organ Size
Orthopedics
Osteoporosis - epidemiology
Porosity
Risk Factors
Section Editors
Sex Factors
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Topical Collection on Biomechanics
X-Ray Microtomography
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Summary:Purpose of Review There have been numerous published reports describing skeletal differences between males and females. The goal of this report is to describe recent findings to help elucidate remaining questions. Recent Findings It is known that even in youth, there are sex differences in skeletal health. One recent report suggests these differences are evident at 6 years of age. With the availability of newer imaging techniques, specifically HRpQCT and microCT-3D, micro-architectural differences related to sex-differences have been studied. This has highlighted the importance of cortical porosity in describing possible sex differences in fracture risk. Summary We have a better understanding of skeletal microarchitecture that highlights sex differences in both growth and aging that may relate to fracture risk, although more longitudinal studies are needed. Sex differences in microarchitecture, particularly cortical porosity may also be important in understanding any, as of yet unknown, sex differences in fracture reduction with treatment.
ISSN:1544-1873
1544-2241
DOI:10.1007/s11914-017-0349-0