Temporal sequencing of nicotine dependence and major depressive disorder: a U.S. national study

• Published in: Psychiatry research 2017-04, Vol.250, p.264-269
• Main Authors: Martínez-Ortega, José M, Franco, Silvia, Rodríguez-Fernández, Jorge M, Gutiérrez-Rojas, Luis, Wang, Shuai, Gurpegui, Manuel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol-Related Disorders - epidemiology; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis; Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology; Female; Health Surveys - trends; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Disorders - diagnosis; Personality Disorders - epidemiology; Personality Disorders - psychology; Psychiatry; Smoking - psychology; Smoking - trends; Suicide, Attempted - psychology; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder - diagnosis; Tobacco Use Disorder - epidemiology; Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology; United States - epidemiology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0165-1781; 1872-7123
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.087

Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Nicotine dependence (ND) often co-occur. However, little attention has been given to the temporal order between the two disorders. We compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals whose onset of ND preceded (ND-prior) or followed the onset of MDD (MDD-prior). Binary logistic regression models were computed to compare ND-prior (n=546) and MDD-prior (n=801) individuals from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, n=43,093). We found that MDD-prior were more likely to have a history of suicide attempts and a family history of both depression and antisocial behavior, to have had psychiatric hospitalization, and to have an earlier age of onset of the first depressive episode; but a later age of onset for both daily smoking and ND. On average, MDD-prior individuals showed a significantly longer transition time from daily smoking to ND (15.6±0.6 vs. 6.9±0.4 years, P