Roles of long noncoding RNAs in chromosome domains

The cell nucleus is highly organized and functionally compartmentalized. Double‐stranded naked DNA is complexed with core histones and assembled into nucleosomes and chromatin, which are surrounded by nuclear domains composed of RNAs and proteins. Recently, three‐dimensional views of chromosome orga...

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Published in:Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 2017-03, Vol.8 (2), p.np-n/a
Main Authors: Tomita, Saori, Abdalla, Mohamed Osama Ali, Fujiwara, Saori, Yamamoto, Tatsuro, Iwase, Hirotaka, Nakao, Mitsuyoshi, Saitoh, Noriko
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cell Nucleus - genetics
Chromatin
Chromatin - genetics
Chromosomes - genetics
Clouds
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Gene expression
Genomes
Histones
Histones - metabolism
Humans
Nuclei
Nucleosomes
Ribonucleic acid
Riboswitches
RNA
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
RNA-mediated interference
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Summary:The cell nucleus is highly organized and functionally compartmentalized. Double‐stranded naked DNA is complexed with core histones and assembled into nucleosomes and chromatin, which are surrounded by nuclear domains composed of RNAs and proteins. Recently, three‐dimensional views of chromosome organization beyond the level of the nucleosome have been established and are composed of several layers of chromosome domains. Only a small portion of the human genome encodes proteins; the majority is pervasively transcribed into noncoding RNAs whose functions are under intensive investigation. Importantly, the questions of how nuclear retained noncoding RNAs play roles in orchestrating the chromatin structure that have been addressed. We discuss the novel noncoding RNA clusters, Eleanors, which are derived from a large chromatin domain. They accumulate at the site of their own transcription to form RNA clouds in the nucleus, and they activate gene expression in the chromatin domain. Noncoding RNAs have emerging roles in genome regulation that are integrated into the spatial organization of chromatin and the nucleus. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1384. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1384 This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease A chromatin domain containing ESR1 and coregulated genes is defined and activated by Eleanor ncRNAs in breast cancer cells.
ISSN:1757-7004
1757-7012
DOI:10.1002/wrna.1384