Transport of protein toxins into cells: pathways used by ricin, cholera toxin and Shiga toxin

Ricin, cholera, and Shiga toxin belong to a family of protein toxins that enter the cytosol to exert their action. Since all three toxins are routed from the cell surface through the Golgi apparatus and to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before translocation to the cytosol, the toxins are used to stu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:FEBS Letters 2002-10, Vol.529 (1), p.49-53
Main Authors: Sandvig, Kirsten, van Deurs, Bo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cholera toxin
Cholera Toxin - metabolism
Clathrin
Cytosol - metabolism
Endocytosis
Endocytosis - physiology
Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism
Endosomes - metabolism
Golgi apparatus
Golgi Apparatus - metabolism
Humans
Protein Transport
Ricin
Ricin - metabolism
Shiga toxin
Shiga Toxin - metabolism
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Summary:Ricin, cholera, and Shiga toxin belong to a family of protein toxins that enter the cytosol to exert their action. Since all three toxins are routed from the cell surface through the Golgi apparatus and to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before translocation to the cytosol, the toxins are used to study different endocytic pathways as well as the retrograde transport to the Golgi and the ER. The toxins can also be used as vectors to carry other proteins into the cells. Studies with protein toxins reveal that there are more pathways along the plasma membrane to ER route than originally believed.
ISSN:0014-5793
1873-3468
DOI:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03182-4