Canine pancytopoenia in a Mediterranean region: a retrospective study of 119 cases (2005 to 2013)

Objectives To further clarify the causes of pancytopoenia and to investigate whether underlying cause or severity were associated with survival in an area endemic for vector‐borne pathogens. Methods Retrospective review of medical records of 119 dogs with and 238 dogs without pancytopoenia. Results...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of small animal practice 2017-07, Vol.58 (7), p.395-402
Main Authors: Frezoulis, P. S., Angelidou, E., Karnezi, D., Oikonomidis, I. L., Kritsepi‐Konstantinou, M., Kasabalis, D., Mylonakis, M. E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Blood cells
Dog Diseases - blood
Dog Diseases - diagnosis
Dogs
Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis - blood
Ehrlichiosis - diagnosis
Ehrlichiosis - veterinary
Enteritis
Female
Hematocrit
Leishmaniasis
Male
Medical records
Mediterranean Region
Monocytes
Pancytopenia - diagnosis
Pancytopenia - epidemiology
Pancytopenia - etiology
Pancytopenia - veterinary
Parasitic diseases
Parvoviridae Infections - blood
Parvoviridae Infections - diagnosis
Parvoviridae Infections - veterinary
Retrospective Studies
Survival
Vector-borne diseases
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Summary:Objectives To further clarify the causes of pancytopoenia and to investigate whether underlying cause or severity were associated with survival in an area endemic for vector‐borne pathogens. Methods Retrospective review of medical records of 119 dogs with and 238 dogs without pancytopoenia. Results Mixed‐breed dogs and dogs younger than one year had higher odds of being pancytopoenic. The most common diagnoses included monocytic ehrlichiosis (n=42), leishmaniasis (n=28) and parvoviral enteritis (n=19). The mean white blood cell counts were lower in dogs with ehrlichiosis and parvoviral enteritis compared to dogs with leishmaniasis, while platelet counts were lower in ehrlichiosis compared to leishmaniasis or parvoviral enteritis. Total protein concentrations were lower in dogs with parvoviral enteritis compared to ehrlichiosis and leishmaniasis. Higher haematocrit, platelet and white cell counts were associated with better odds of survival. Clinical Significance Infectious diseases appear to be the leading causes of canine pancytopoenia in endemic areas; severe leukopoenia (ehrlichiosis, parvoviral enteritis), thrombocytopoenia (ehrlichiosis) and hypoproteinaemia (parvoviral enteritis), represented potentially useful disease‐specific diagnostic determinants. The severity of pancytopoenia significantly affects the clinical outcome.
ISSN:0022-4510
1748-5827
DOI:10.1111/jsap.12647