Protein profiling of microdissected prostate tissue links growth differentiation factor 15 to prostate carcinogenesis

• Published in: Cancer research (Chicago, Ill.) Ill.), 2004-09, Vol.64 (17), p.5929-5933
• Main Authors: CHEUNG, Peter K, WOOLCOCK, Bruce, VIELKIND, Juergen, ADOMAT, Hans, SUTCLIFFE, Margaret, BAINBRIDGE, Terry C, JONES, Edward C, WEBBER, Douglas, KINAHAN, Thomas, SADAR, Marianne, GLEAVE, Martin E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenocarcinoma - genetics; Adenocarcinoma - metabolism; Adenocarcinoma - pathology; Amino Acid Sequence; Antineoplastic agents; Biological and medical sciences; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis; Membrane Proteins - chemistry; Membrane Proteins - genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia - genetics; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia - metabolism; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia - pathology; Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics; Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology; Protein Array Analysis - methods; Protein Precursors - biosynthesis; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tumors
• ISSN: 0008-5472; 1538-7445
• DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1216

Identification of proteomic alterations associated with early stages in the development of prostate cancer may facilitate understanding of progression of this highly variable disease. Matched normal, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (hPIN) and prostate cancer cells of predominantly Gleason grade 3 were procured by laser capture microdissection from serial sections obtained from snap-frozen samples dissected from 22 radical prostatectomy specimens. From these cells, protein profiles were generated by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. A 24-kDa peak was observed at low or high intensity in profiles of prostate cancer cells in 19 of 27 lesions and at low intensity in 3 of 8 hPIN lesions but was not detectable in matched normal cells. SDS-PAGE analysis of prostate cancer and matched normal epithelium confirmed expression of a prostate cancer-specific 24-kDa protein. Mass spectrometry and protein data-based analysis identified the protein as the dimeric form of mature growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). The increased expression of mature GDF15 protein in prostate cancer cells cannot be explained on the basis of up-regulation of GDF15 mRNA because reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed similar amounts of transcript in normal, hPIN, and prostate cancer cells that were obtained by laser capture microdissection in the same set of serial sections from which the protein profiles were obtained. Our findings suggest that early prostate carcinogenesis is associated with expression of mature GDF15 protein.