Regulation of Rho GTPase activity at the leading edge of migrating cells by p190RhoGAP

Cell migration, a key feature of embryonic development, immunity, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis, is based on the coordinated regulation of actin dynamics and integrin-mediated adhesion. Rho GTPases play a major role in this phenomenon by regulating the onset and maintenance of actin-based protr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Small GTPases 2019-03, Vol.10 (2), p.99-110
Main Authors: Bidaud-Meynard, Aurélien, Binamé, Fabien, Lagrée, Valérie, Moreau, Violaine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
cell migration
Cell Movement
GTPase activating proteins
GTPase-Activating Proteins - chemistry
GTPase-Activating Proteins - metabolism
Humans
Isoenzymes - metabolism
lamellipodia
Mini-Review - Commissioned
p190RhoGAP
rho GTP-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Rho GTPases
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Summary:Cell migration, a key feature of embryonic development, immunity, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis, is based on the coordinated regulation of actin dynamics and integrin-mediated adhesion. Rho GTPases play a major role in this phenomenon by regulating the onset and maintenance of actin-based protruding structures at cell leading edges (i.e. lamellipodia and filopodia) and contractile structures (i.e., stress fibers) at their trailing edge. While spatio-temporal analysis demonstrated the tight regulation of Rho GTPases at the migration front during cell locomotion, little is known about how the main regulators of Rho GTPase activity, such as GAPs, GEFs and GDIs, play a role in this process. In this review, we focus on a major negative regulator of RhoA, p190RhoGAP-A and its close isoform p190RhoGAP-B, which are necessary for efficient cell migration. Recent studies, including our, demonstrated that p190RhoGAP-A localization and activity undergo a complex regulatory mechanism, accounting for the tight regulation of RhoA, but also other members of the Rho GTPase family, at the cell periphery.
ISSN:2154-1248
2154-1256
DOI:10.1080/21541248.2017.1280584