Substrate and inhibitor specificity of kynurenine monooxygenase from Cytophaga hutchinsonii

• Published in: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 2017-04, Vol.27 (8), p.1705-1708
• Main Authors: Phillips, Robert S., Anderson, Andrew D., Gentry, Harvey G., Güner, Osman F., Bowen, J. Phillip
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cytophaga - enzymology; Drug target; Enzyme Inhibitors - chemistry; Enzyme Inhibitors - metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Halogenation; Humans; Kinetics; Kynurenine - analogs & derivatives; Kynurenine - metabolism; Kynurenine - pharmacology; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase - antagonists & inhibitors; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase - metabolism; Kynurenine analogue; Models, Molecular; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurodegenerative Diseases - drug therapy; Neurodegenerative Diseases - enzymology; Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism; Pharmacophore model; Substrate Specificity
• ISSN: 0960-894X; 1464-3405
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.080

[Display omitted] •5-Halokynurenines are good substrates for kynurenine monooxygenase.•3-Substituted kynurenines are competitive inhibitors of kynurenine monooxygenase.•A pharmacophore model was prepared and predicted 3,4-dichlorohippuric acid as an inhibitor. Kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) is a potential drug target for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. We have evaluated substituted kynurenines as substrates or inhibitors of KMO from Cytophaga hutchinsonii. Kynurenines substituted with a halogen at the 5-position are excellent substrates, with values of kcat and kcat/Km comparable to or higher than kynurenine. However, kynurenines substituted in the 3-position are competitive inhibitors, with KI values lower than the Km for kynurenine. Bromination also enhances inhibition, and 3,5-dibromokynurenine is a potent competitive inhibitor with a KI value of 1.5μM. A pharmacophore model of KMO was developed, and predicted that 3,4-dichlorohippuric acid would be an inhibitor. The KI for this compound was found to be 34μM, thus validating the pharmacophore model. We are using these results and our model to design more potent inhibitors of KMO.