Nectar Robbing in Ipomopsis aggregata: Effects on Pollinator Behavior and Plant Fitness

Hummingbirds foraging in alpine meadows of central Colorado, United States, face a heterogeneous distribution of nectar rewards. This study investigated how variability in nectar resources caused by nectar-robbing bumblebees affected the foraging behavior of hummingbird pollinators and, subsequently...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oecologia 1998-10, Vol.116 (4), p.519-527
Main Authors: Irwin, Rebecca E., Brody, Alison K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal ethology
Aves
Biological and medical sciences
Bombus
Bumblebees
Flowers
Foraging
Fruits
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hummingbirds
Ipomopsis aggregata
Nectar
Nectar robbing
Plant Animal Interactions
Plants
Pollinating insects
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Robbers
Trochilidae
Vertebrata
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Summary:Hummingbirds foraging in alpine meadows of central Colorado, United States, face a heterogeneous distribution of nectar rewards. This study investigated how variability in nectar resources caused by nectar-robbing bumblebees affected the foraging behavior of hummingbird pollinators and, subsequently, the reproductive success of a host plant (Ipomopsis aggregata). We presented hummingbirds with experimental arrays of I. aggregata and measured hummingbird foraging behavior as a function of known levels of nectar robbing. Hummingbirds visited significantly fewer plants with heavy nectar robbing (over 80% of available flowers robbed) and visited fewer flowers on those plants. These changes in hummingbird foraging behavior resulted in decreased percent fruit set as well as decreased total seed set in heavily robbed plants. These results indicate that hummingbird avoidance of nectar-robbed plants and flowers reduces plant fitness components. In addition, our results suggest that the mutualisms between pollinators and host plants may be affected by other species, such as nectar robbers.
ISSN:0029-8549
1432-1939
DOI:10.1007/s004420050617