3D‐Printed Multidrug‐Eluting Stent from Graphene‐Nanoplatelet‐Doped Biodegradable Polymer Composite

• Published in: Advanced healthcare materials 2017-06, Vol.6 (11), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Misra, Santosh K., Ostadhossein, Fatemeh, Babu, Ramya, Kus, Joseph, Tankasala, Divya, Sutrisno, Andre, Walsh, Kathleen A., Bromfield, Corinne R., Pan, Dipanjan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorbable Implants; Animals; Anticoagulants; Biodegradability; Biodegradable materials; Biodegradable Plastics - chemistry; Biodegradation; Blood flow; Carbon; Combinatorial analysis; Composite materials; Construction specifications; Controlled release; Coronary artery; coronary stents; Coronary vessels; Coronary Vessels - metabolism; Coronary Vessels - pathology; Coronary Vessels - surgery; CT imaging; Design; Design analysis; Design optimization; Drug delivery; Drug-Eluting Stents; Feasibility studies; Functional anatomy; Graphene; graphene nanoplatelets; Graphite - chemistry; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - cytology; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism; Humans; Image processing; Image segmentation; Implants; Integrity; Livestock; Materials Testing; Mechanical properties; Medical imaging; Metals; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanostructure; Particulate composites; Patients; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; polymer composites; Polymers; Printing; Printing, Three-Dimensional; prototyping; Safety; Stents; Surgical implants; Sustainability; Swine; Technology; Three dimensional printing
• ISSN: 2192-2640; 2192-2659
• DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700008

Patients with percutaneous coronary intervention generally receive either bare metal stents or drug‐eluting stents to restore the normal blood flow. However, due to the lack of stent production with an individual patient in mind, the same level of effectiveness may not be possible in treating two different clinical scenarios. This study introduces for the first time the feasibility of a patient‐specific stenting process constructed from direct 3D segmentation of medical images using direct 3D printing of biodegradable polymer–graphene composite with dual drug incorporation. A biodegradable polymer–carbon composite is prepared doped with graphene nanoplatelets to achieve controlled release of combinatorics as anticoagulation and antirestenosis agents. This study develops a technology prototyped for personalized stenting. An in silico analysis is performed to optimize the stent design for printing and its prediction of sustainability under force exerted by coronary artery or blood flow. A holistic approach covering in silico to in situ–in vivo establishes the structural integrity of the polymer composite, its mechanical properties, drug loading and release control, prototyping, functional activity, safety, and feasibility of placement in coronary artery of swine. The feasibility of a patient‐specific stenting process constructed from computed tomographic images is introduced. A biodegradable polymer–carbon composite is prepared, doped with graphene nanoplatelets to achieve controlled release of combinatorics as anticoagulation and antirestenosis agents. A technology prototyped for personalized stenting is developed.