Soldier-relevant body borne loads increase knee joint contact force during a run-to-stop maneuver

Abstract The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of load carriage on human performance, specifically during a run-to-stop (RTS) task. Using OpenSim analysis tools, knee joint contact force, grounds reaction force, leg stiffness and lower extremity joint angles and moments were determ...

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Published in:Journal of biomechanics 2016-12, Vol.49 (16), p.3868-3874
Main Authors: Ramsay, John W, Hancock, Clifford L, O’Donovan, Meghan P, Brown, Tyler N
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Analysis of variance
Armed forces
Biomechanical Phenomena
Biomechanics
Conflicts of interest
Contact force
Grounds
Humans
Injuries
Knee
Knee contact force
Knee Injuries - prevention & control
Knee Joint - physiopathology
Knees
Leg stiffness
Load
Load carriage
Loads (forces)
Male
Military Personnel
Military training
OpenSim
Optimization techniques
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Posture
Run to stop
Running - physiology
Soldiers
Vertebrae
Weight-Bearing
Young Adult
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-c06be2619fc24f705c078fd3b721440db013a6075ddae66c78a3376869a2bc133
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container_issue 16
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creator Ramsay, John W
Hancock, Clifford L
O’Donovan, Meghan P
Brown, Tyler N
description Abstract The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of load carriage on human performance, specifically during a run-to-stop (RTS) task. Using OpenSim analysis tools, knee joint contact force, grounds reaction force, leg stiffness and lower extremity joint angles and moments were determined for nine male military personnel performing a RTS under three load configurations (light, ~6 kg, medium, ~20 kg, and heavy, ~40 kg). Subject-based means for each biomechanical variable were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA to test the effects of load. During the RTS, body borne load significantly increased peak knee joint contact force by 1.2 BW ( p
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.022
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Using OpenSim analysis tools, knee joint contact force, grounds reaction force, leg stiffness and lower extremity joint angles and moments were determined for nine male military personnel performing a RTS under three load configurations (light, ~6 kg, medium, ~20 kg, and heavy, ~40 kg). Subject-based means for each biomechanical variable were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA to test the effects of load. During the RTS, body borne load significantly increased peak knee joint contact force by 1.2 BW ( p &lt;0.001) and peak vertical ( p &lt;0.001) and anterior-posterior ( p =0.002) ground reaction forces by 0.6 BW and 0.3 BW, respectively. Body borne load also had a significant effect on hip ( p =0.026) posture with the medium load and knee ( p =0.046) posture with the heavy load. With the heavy load, participants exhibited a substantial, albeit non-significant increase in leg stiffness ( p =0.073 and d =0.615). Increases in joint contact force exhibited during the RTS were primarily due to greater GRFs that impact the soldier with each incremental addition of body borne load. The stiff leg, extended knee and large braking force the soldiers exhibited with the heavy load suggests their injury risk may be greatest with that specific load configuration. Further work is needed to determine if the biomechanical profile exhibited with the heavy load configuration translates to unsafe shear forces at the knee joint and consequently, a higher likelihood of injury.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9290</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2380</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.022</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27789034</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of variance ; Armed forces ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biomechanics ; Conflicts of interest ; Contact force ; Grounds ; Humans ; Injuries ; Knee ; Knee contact force ; Knee Injuries - prevention &amp; control ; Knee Joint - physiopathology ; Knees ; Leg stiffness ; Load ; Load carriage ; Loads (forces) ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Military training ; OpenSim ; Optimization techniques ; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ; Posture ; Run to stop ; Running - physiology ; Soldiers ; Vertebrae ; Weight-Bearing ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of biomechanics, 2016-12, Vol.49 (16), p.3868-3874</ispartof><rights>2016</rights><rights>Published by Elsevier Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-c06be2619fc24f705c078fd3b721440db013a6075ddae66c78a3376869a2bc133</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-c06be2619fc24f705c078fd3b721440db013a6075ddae66c78a3376869a2bc133</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789034$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ramsay, John W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hancock, Clifford L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Donovan, Meghan P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Tyler N</creatorcontrib><title>Soldier-relevant body borne loads increase knee joint contact force during a run-to-stop maneuver</title><title>Journal of biomechanics</title><addtitle>J Biomech</addtitle><description>Abstract The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of load carriage on human performance, specifically during a run-to-stop (RTS) task. 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Further work is needed to determine if the biomechanical profile exhibited with the heavy load configuration translates to unsafe shear forces at the knee joint and consequently, a higher likelihood of injury.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis of variance</subject><subject>Armed forces</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Biomechanics</subject><subject>Conflicts of interest</subject><subject>Contact force</subject><subject>Grounds</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Knee</subject><subject>Knee contact force</subject><subject>Knee Injuries - prevention &amp; control</subject><subject>Knee Joint - physiopathology</subject><subject>Knees</subject><subject>Leg stiffness</subject><subject>Load</subject><subject>Load carriage</subject><subject>Loads (forces)</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Military Personnel</subject><subject>Military training</subject><subject>OpenSim</subject><subject>Optimization techniques</subject><subject>Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Posture</subject><subject>Run to stop</subject><subject>Running - physiology</subject><subject>Soldiers</subject><subject>Vertebrae</subject><subject>Weight-Bearing</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0021-9290</issn><issn>1873-2380</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkk1v1DAQhiMEokvhL1SRuHDJMv6IHV8QqOJLqsShcLYcewJOs_ZiJyvtv6_DtiD1Qi8eefTM6xm_U1UXBLYEiHg7bsfexx3aX1ta7iW5BUqfVBvSSdZQ1sHTagNASaOogrPqRc4jAEgu1fPqjErZKWB8U5nrODmPqUk44cGEue6jO5YjBaynaFyufbAJTcb6JiDWY_QFsjHMxs71EJPF2i3Jh5-1qdMSmjk2eY77emcCLgdML6tng5kyvrqL59WPTx-_X35prr59_nr54aqxrWjnxoLokQqiBkv5IKG1ILvBsV5Swjm4HggzAmTrnEEhrOwMY1J0QhnaW8LYefXmpLtP8feCedY7ny1OU-kjLlmTrgNgjHP1CLRVvKMtpY9AWSsUadmq-voBOsYlhTJzoaSUSnHBCyVOlE0x54SD3ie_M-moCejVWj3qe2v1au2ahz-dXNzJL_0O3d-yey8L8P4EYPnlQ_FUZ-sxWHQ-oZ21i_7_b7x7IGEnH7w10w0eMf-bR2eqQV-vC7buFxGMEAqc3QL7cMty</recordid><startdate>20161208</startdate><enddate>20161208</enddate><creator>Ramsay, John W</creator><creator>Hancock, Clifford L</creator><creator>O’Donovan, Meghan P</creator><creator>Brown, Tyler N</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161208</creationdate><title>Soldier-relevant body borne loads increase knee joint contact force during a run-to-stop maneuver</title><author>Ramsay, John W ; 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Using OpenSim analysis tools, knee joint contact force, grounds reaction force, leg stiffness and lower extremity joint angles and moments were determined for nine male military personnel performing a RTS under three load configurations (light, ~6 kg, medium, ~20 kg, and heavy, ~40 kg). Subject-based means for each biomechanical variable were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA to test the effects of load. During the RTS, body borne load significantly increased peak knee joint contact force by 1.2 BW ( p &lt;0.001) and peak vertical ( p &lt;0.001) and anterior-posterior ( p =0.002) ground reaction forces by 0.6 BW and 0.3 BW, respectively. Body borne load also had a significant effect on hip ( p =0.026) posture with the medium load and knee ( p =0.046) posture with the heavy load. With the heavy load, participants exhibited a substantial, albeit non-significant increase in leg stiffness ( p =0.073 and d =0.615). Increases in joint contact force exhibited during the RTS were primarily due to greater GRFs that impact the soldier with each incremental addition of body borne load. The stiff leg, extended knee and large braking force the soldiers exhibited with the heavy load suggests their injury risk may be greatest with that specific load configuration. Further work is needed to determine if the biomechanical profile exhibited with the heavy load configuration translates to unsafe shear forces at the knee joint and consequently, a higher likelihood of injury.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>27789034</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.022</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
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ispartof Journal of biomechanics, 2016-12, Vol.49 (16), p.3868-3874
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source ScienceDirect Freedom Collection
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Analysis of variance
Armed forces
Biomechanical Phenomena
Biomechanics
Conflicts of interest
Contact force
Grounds
Humans
Injuries
Knee
Knee contact force
Knee Injuries - prevention & control
Knee Joint - physiopathology
Knees
Leg stiffness
Load
Load carriage
Loads (forces)
Male
Military Personnel
Military training
OpenSim
Optimization techniques
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Posture
Run to stop
Running - physiology
Soldiers
Vertebrae
Weight-Bearing
Young Adult
title Soldier-relevant body borne loads increase knee joint contact force during a run-to-stop maneuver
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