Study of in vitro bioactivity and mechanical properties of diopside nano-bioceramic synthesized by a facile method using eggshell as raw material

• Published in: Materials Science & Engineering C 2017-02, Vol.71, p.604-610
• Main Authors: Kazemi, Amirhossein, Abdellahi, Majid, Khajeh-Sharafabadi, Armina, Khandan, Amirsalar, Ozada, Neriman
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Apatite; Atomic beam spectroscopy; Atomic emission spectroscopy; Ball milling; Bioceramics; Biochemistry; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Biomedical materials; Bonding strength; Calcium; Calcium magnesium silicates; Calcium silicates; Ceramics; Ceramics - chemical synthesis; Ceramics - chemistry; Data processing; Differential thermal analysis; Differential thermogravimetric analysis; Diopside; Egg Shell - chemistry; Egg shells; Electron microscopy; Emission analysis; Emission spectroscopy; Fracture toughness; Heat treatment; Hydroxyapatite; In vitro methods and tests; Inductively coupled plasma; Magnesium; Materials science; Mechanical properties; Milling; Nanopowder; Nanostructures - chemistry; Nanostructures - ultrastructure; Powder; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicic Acid - chemical synthesis; Silicic Acid - chemistry; Silicon dioxide; Sintering; Spectroscopy; Surgical implants; Synthesis; Thermal analysis; Thermal stability; Thermogravimetry; Transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction
• ISSN: 0928-4931; 1873-0191
• DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.044

In this study, diopside bioceramic was synthesized using a mechanical milling process and subsequent heat treatment. The simplicity of experiments and also the high energy available in ball milling lead to rapid synthesis of the products in comparison with other synthesis methods. Magnesium oxide (MgO), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and eggshell (as the calcium source) powders were weighted in stoichiometric conditions and milled to initial activation of the surface of the powder's mixture. Then a sintering process was conducted to complete formation of diopside nanopowder and also evaluates its thermal stability. The mechanisms occurred during the synthesis of this bioceramic were carefully investigated. X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) were used for gathering and analyzing data. The ability and rate of apatite formation on the sample surface were evaluated by Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) test, a method that is well recognized to characterize the in vitro bioactivity of ceramic materials. According to the results obtained, the diopside samples had a significant potential to form apatite layer on their surface during soaking in the SBF solution. Besides, the bonding strength of this bioceramic was about 350±7MPa which was almost more than three times of that reported for hydroxyapatite. An excellent fracture toughness of 4±0.3MPam0.5 was also obtained for this ceramic which was higher than that of previously reported works. •Diopside was synthesized using a mechanical milling process and subsequent heat treatment.•The mechanisms occurred during the synthesis of this bioceramic were carefully investigated.•The bonding strength of diopside samples prepared in this study was about 350±7MPa.•The fracture toughness of diopside samples was about of 4±0.3MPam0.5.•Diopside samples had a significant potential to form apatite layer on their surface.