Short‐term effects of a low carbohydrate diet on glycaemic variables and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized open‐label crossover trial

• Published in: Diabetes, obesity & metabolism obesity & metabolism, 2017-10, Vol.19 (10), p.1479-1484
• Main Authors: Ranjan, Ajenthen, Schmidt, Signe, Damm‐Frydenberg, Camilla, Holst, Jens Juul, Madsbad, Sten, Nørgaard, Kirsten
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; continuous glucose monitoring; continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diet therapy; Diabetic Angiopathies - blood; Diabetic Angiopathies - diet therapy; Diet; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; dietary intervention; dyslipidaemia; Evidence-based medicine; Fasting; Female; Fish; Glucagon; Glucose; glycaemic control; Hemoglobin; High carbohydrate diet; Humans; hypoglycaemia; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Low carbohydrate diet; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Urine
• ISSN: 1462-8902; 1463-1326
• DOI: 10.1111/dom.12953

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) vs a low carbohydrate diet (LCD) on glycaemic variables and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 1 diabetes. Ten patients (4 women, insulin pump‐treated, median ± standard deviation [s.d.] age 48 ± 10 years, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 53 ± 6 mmol/mol [7.0% ± 0.6%]) followed an isocaloric HCD (≥250 g/d) for 1 week and an isocaloric LCD (≤50 g/d) for 1 week in random order. After each week, we downloaded pump and sensor data and collected fasting blood and urine samples. Diet adherence was high (225 ± 30 vs 47 ± 10 g carbohydrates/d; P