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Metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Purpose Lifestyle is linked to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyse the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with the metabolic syndrome. Methods The PubMed,...

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Published in:European journal of nutrition 2017-04, Vol.56 (3), p.925-947
Main Authors: Rodríguez-Monforte, Míriam, Sánchez, Emília, Barrio, Francisco, Costa, Bernardo, Flores-Mateo, Gemma
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container_title European journal of nutrition
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creator Rodríguez-Monforte, Míriam
Sánchez, Emília
Barrio, Francisco
Costa, Bernardo
Flores-Mateo, Gemma
description Purpose Lifestyle is linked to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyse the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with the metabolic syndrome. Methods The PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched for epidemiological studies of dietary patterns and MetS. The association between dietary patterns and MetS was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for MetS was 0.83 (95 % CI 0.76, 0.90; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2  = 72.1 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the pooled relative risk (RR) for MetS in cohort studies was 0.91 (95 % CI 0.68, 1.21; P for heterogeneity =0.005; I 2  = 81.1 %). The pooled OR for MetS in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of Western dietary patterns was 1.28 (95 % CI 1.17, 1.40; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2  = 72.0 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the RR was 0.96 (95 % CI 0.53, 1.73; P for heterogeneity =0.102; I 2  = 62.6 %) in cohort studies. Conclusions The results from cross-sectional studies showed that a prudent/healthy pattern is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, whereas a Western/unhealthy is associated with an increased risk for MetS. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the association between dietary patterns and MetS.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00394-016-1305-y
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This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyse the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with the metabolic syndrome. Methods The PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched for epidemiological studies of dietary patterns and MetS. The association between dietary patterns and MetS was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for MetS was 0.83 (95 % CI 0.76, 0.90; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2  = 72.1 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the pooled relative risk (RR) for MetS in cohort studies was 0.91 (95 % CI 0.68, 1.21; P for heterogeneity =0.005; I 2  = 81.1 %). The pooled OR for MetS in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of Western dietary patterns was 1.28 (95 % CI 1.17, 1.40; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2  = 72.0 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the RR was 0.96 (95 % CI 0.53, 1.73; P for heterogeneity =0.102; I 2  = 62.6 %) in cohort studies. Conclusions The results from cross-sectional studies showed that a prudent/healthy pattern is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, whereas a Western/unhealthy is associated with an increased risk for MetS. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the association between dietary patterns and MetS.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1436-6207</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1436-6215</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1305-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27605002</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Diet, Healthy ; Diet, Western ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology ; Nutrition ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Prevalence ; Review ; Risk Factors</subject><ispartof>European journal of nutrition, 2017-04, Vol.56 (3), p.925-947</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016</rights><rights>European Journal of Nutrition is a copyright of Springer, 2017.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-90e0edd9fbb7137aaeb640471f72e81216c4fbae3437e9903023ce85f306646a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-90e0edd9fbb7137aaeb640471f72e81216c4fbae3437e9903023ce85f306646a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>313,314,780,784,792,27922,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27605002$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-Monforte, Míriam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sánchez, Emília</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barrio, Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Bernardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flores-Mateo, Gemma</creatorcontrib><title>Metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies</title><title>European journal of nutrition</title><addtitle>Eur J Nutr</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Nutr</addtitle><description>Purpose Lifestyle is linked to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyse the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with the metabolic syndrome. Methods The PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched for epidemiological studies of dietary patterns and MetS. The association between dietary patterns and MetS was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for MetS was 0.83 (95 % CI 0.76, 0.90; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2  = 72.1 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the pooled relative risk (RR) for MetS in cohort studies was 0.91 (95 % CI 0.68, 1.21; P for heterogeneity =0.005; I 2  = 81.1 %). The pooled OR for MetS in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of Western dietary patterns was 1.28 (95 % CI 1.17, 1.40; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2  = 72.0 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the RR was 0.96 (95 % CI 0.53, 1.73; P for heterogeneity =0.102; I 2  = 62.6 %) in cohort studies. Conclusions The results from cross-sectional studies showed that a prudent/healthy pattern is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, whereas a Western/unhealthy is associated with an increased risk for MetS. 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The pooled OR for MetS in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of Western dietary patterns was 1.28 (95 % CI 1.17, 1.40; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2  = 72.0 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the RR was 0.96 (95 % CI 0.53, 1.73; P for heterogeneity =0.102; I 2  = 62.6 %) in cohort studies. Conclusions The results from cross-sectional studies showed that a prudent/healthy pattern is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, whereas a Western/unhealthy is associated with an increased risk for MetS. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the association between dietary patterns and MetS.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>27605002</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00394-016-1305-y</doi><tpages>23</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Diet, Healthy
Diet, Western
Humans
Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology
Nutrition
Observational Studies as Topic
Prevalence
Review
Risk Factors
title Metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
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