The additional role of Xpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis

Abstract Background Diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB) lymphadenitis remains a challenge because of difficulties in obtaining adequate tissue and the lack of a sensitive test. Recently, Xpert MTB/RIF assay is being used for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary TB, but it has not yet been widely va...

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Published in:Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 2017-06, Vol.23 (6), p.381-384
Main Authors: Lee, Jinwoo, Choi, Sun Mi, Lee, Chang-Hoon, Lee, Sang-Min, Yim, Jae-Joon, Yoo, Chul-Gyu, Kim, Young Whan, Han, Sung Koo, Park, Young Sik
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Diagnosis
DNA, Bacterial - analysis
DNA, Bacterial - genetics
Female
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Humans
Lymphadenitis
Male
Middle Aged
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques - methods
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Retrospective Studies
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, Lymph Node - diagnosis
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Summary:Abstract Background Diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB) lymphadenitis remains a challenge because of difficulties in obtaining adequate tissue and the lack of a sensitive test. Recently, Xpert MTB/RIF assay is being used for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary TB, but it has not yet been widely validated in intrathoracic TB lymphadenitis. The aim of this study was to assess the additional role of Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing intrathoracic TB lymphadenitis using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) specimen. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent Xpert MTB/RIF assay using EBUS-TBNA specimen from January 2012 and November 2013 at a tertiary referral hospital were recruited. Among them, the cases with malignant lymph nodes were excluded. Results Among 73 patients, 13 (17.8%) cases were diagnosed with intrathoracic TB lymphadenitis. In detail, 10 patients were diagnosed using conventional methods only (histology or AFB culture) and 3 patients were additionally diagnosed when adding Xpert MTB/RIF assay. The median time to diagnosis using Xpert MTB/RIF (1 day) was shorter than conventional methods (3 days for histology, 14 days for AFB culture). Rifampin resistance was not detected in any patients. Conclusion In patients with enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes and low suspicion of malignancy, combination of conventional diagnostic methods with Xpert MTB/RIF could lead to additional and rapid diagnosis of intrathoracic TB lymphadenitis.
ISSN:1341-321X
1437-7780
DOI:10.1016/j.jiac.2017.03.001