Protective effect of glutamine on the main and adjacent organs damaged by ischemia-reperfusion in rats

• Published in: Protoplasma 2017-11, Vol.254 (6), p.2155-2168
• Main Authors: Hartmann, Renata Minuzzo, Licks, Francielli, Schemitt, Elizângela Gonçalves, Colares, Josieli Raskopf, do Couto Soares, Mariana, Zabot, Gilmara Pandolfo, Fillmann, Henrique Sarubbi, Marroni, Norma Possa
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activating transcription factor 6; Activating Transcription Factor 6 - metabolism; Alanine; Alanine transaminase; Alanine Transaminase - blood; Animals; Aspartate aminotransferase; Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cell Biology; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glutamine; Glutamine - pharmacology; Glutamine - therapeutic use; Heat shock proteins; Hsp70 protein; IL-1β; Immunohistochemistry; Intestine; Intestines - blood supply; Intestines - drug effects; Intestines - pathology; Ischemia; Life Sciences; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Liver - drug effects; Liver - pathology; Male; NADP; Nitrates - metabolism; Nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism; Nitric-oxide synthase; Nitrites - metabolism; Occlusion; Original Article; Oxidative Stress; Plant Sciences; Protective Agents - pharmacology; Protective Agents - therapeutic use; Quinones; Rats, Wistar; Reactive oxygen species; Reperfusion; Reperfusion Injury - blood; Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control; Rodents; Superoxide dismutase; Thiobarbituric acid; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Zoology
• ISSN: 0033-183X; 1615-6102
• DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1102-3

Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes cellular and tissue damage to the intestine and remote organs such as the liver. Increased production of ROS and nitric oxide and dysregulation of cytoprotective enzymes may be involved in intestinal I/R. The aim was to evaluate the protective effects of glutamine on the intestine and liver of rats with intestinal I/R injury. Twenty male Wistar rats (300 g) were divided into four groups: sham-operated (SO), glutamine + SO (G + SO), I/R, and glutamine + I/R (G + I/R). Occlusion of the SMA for 30 min was followed by 15-min reperfusion. Glutamine (25 mg/kg/day) was administered once daily 24 and 48 h before I/R induction. Blood and tissue of were collected for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry of IL-1β and TNF-α, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide, Nrf2/keap1, superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heat shock protein (HSP70), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) by western blot. Statistic analysis by ANOVA–Student-Newman-Keuls test (mean ± SE) significantly was p