Risk of predation affects aggregation size: a study with tadpoles of Phrynomantis microps (Anura: Microhylidae)

Tadpoles of the microhylid frog Phrynomantis microps form swarms near the water surface of savannah ponds during the day. Observations of tadpole distribution at night showed that these aggregations disappear and that tadpoles instead swim in a random distribution near the water surface. The clarity...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animal behaviour 2003, Vol.65 (1), p.179-184
Main Author: Spieler, Marko
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amphibia and reptilia
Animal behavior
Animal ethology
Animal populations
Aquatic life
Biological and medical sciences
Frogs
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Microhylidae
Phrynomantis microps
Predation
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Risk factors
Vertebrata
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Summary:Tadpoles of the microhylid frog Phrynomantis microps form swarms near the water surface of savannah ponds during the day. Observations of tadpole distribution at night showed that these aggregations disappear and that tadpoles instead swim in a random distribution near the water surface. The clarity of pond water had significant effects on the distribution of tadpoles during the day. The size of aggregations, and the densities of tadpoles within them, both increased with increasing water clarity. Since tadpoles of this species are known to aggregate in response to visually hunting aquatic predators, these results suggest that tadpoles respond to high water clarity as an indicator of increased predation risk. This supports the hypothesis that, under conditions of increasing predation risk, animals should form larger and more dense groups up to a critical group size. Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN:0003-3472
1095-8282
DOI:10.1006/anbe.2002.2030