Nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of retinopathy: evidences from preclinical and clinical researches

Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness and visual disability in working‐aged people. The pathogenesis of retinopathy is an actual and still open query. Alterations contributing to oxidative and nitrosative stress, including elevated nitric oxide and superoxide production, changes in the expre...

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Published in:Acta ophthalmologica (Oxford, England) England), 2018-05, Vol.96 (3), p.222-231
Main Authors: Opatrilova, Radka, Kubatka, Peter, Caprnda, Martin, Büsselberg, Dietrich, Krasnik, Vladimir, Vesely, Pavol, Saxena, Sandeep, Ruia, Surabhi, Mozos, Ioana, Rodrigo, Luis, Kruzliak, Peter, Santos, Katia Goncalves
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiotensin
antioxidant therapy
Antioxidants
Blindness
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic retinopathy
gene polymorphism
hypertensive retinopathy
ischaemic proliferative retinopathy
Isoforms
Nitric oxide
Nitric-oxide synthase
Pathogenesis
Renin
Retina
Retinopathy
Superoxide
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Summary:Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness and visual disability in working‐aged people. The pathogenesis of retinopathy is an actual and still open query. Alterations contributing to oxidative and nitrosative stress, including elevated nitric oxide and superoxide production, changes in the expression of different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase or endogenous antioxidant system, have been implicated in the mechanisms how this ocular disease develops. In addition, it was documented that renin–angiotensin system has been implicated in the progression of retinopathy. Based on comprehensive preclinical and clinical researches in this area, the role of above‐mentioned factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy and ischaemic proliferative retinopathy is reviewed in this study. Moreover, the genetic susceptibility factors involved in the development of the retinopathy and possible strategies that utilize antioxidants as additive therapy are also highlighted here.
ISSN:1755-375X
1755-3768
DOI:10.1111/aos.13384