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Combination of selected enzymes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in biofilm inactivation, removal and regrowth
Enzymes are considered an innovative and environmentally friendly approach for biofilm control due to their lytic and dispersal activities. In this study, four enzymes (β-glucanase, α-amylase, lipase and protease) were tested separately and in combination with the quaternary ammonium compound cetylt...
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Published in: | Food research international 2017-05, Vol.95, p.101-107 |
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description | Enzymes are considered an innovative and environmentally friendly approach for biofilm control due to their lytic and dispersal activities. In this study, four enzymes (β-glucanase, α-amylase, lipase and protease) were tested separately and in combination with the quaternary ammonium compound cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to control flow-generated biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The four enzymes caused modest reduction of biofilm colony forming units (CFU). Protease, β-glucanase and α-amylase also caused modest biofilm removal. CTAB combined with either β-glucanase or α-amylase increased biofilm removal. Its combination with either β-glucanase or protease increased CFU reduction. However, CTAB−protease combination was antagonist in biofilm removal. Long-term effects in biofilm mass reduction were observed after protease exposure. In contrast, biofilms treated with β-glucanase were able to regrow significantly after exposure. Moreover, short-term respirometry tests with planktonic cells were performed to understand the effects of enzymes and their combination with CTAB on P. fluorescens viability. Protease and lipase demonstrated antimicrobial action, while α-amylase increased bacterial metabolic activity. The combination of CTAB with either protease or α-amylase was antagonistic, decreasing the antimicrobial action of CTAB. The overall results demonstrate a modest effect of the selected enzymes in biofilm control, either when applied alone or each one in combination with CTAB. Total biofilm removal or CFU reduction was not achieved and, in some cases, the use of enzymes antagonized the effects of CTAB. The results also propose that complementary tests, to characterize biofilm integrity and microbial viability, are required when someone is trying to assess the role of novel biocide - enzyme mixtures for effective biofilm control.
[Display omitted]
•The selected enzymes caused modest biofilm control effects.•Biocide-enzyme synergy was found for β-glucanase.•Protease caused long-term biofilm control effects while β-glucanase allowed regrowth.•Biofilm integrity and viability was not compromised with the different treatments.•Protease and α-amylase reduced biocide action against planktonic cells. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.016 |
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[Display omitted]
•The selected enzymes caused modest biofilm control effects.•Biocide-enzyme synergy was found for β-glucanase.•Protease caused long-term biofilm control effects while β-glucanase allowed regrowth.•Biofilm integrity and viability was not compromised with the different treatments.•Protease and α-amylase reduced biocide action against planktonic cells.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0963-9969</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7145</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28395817</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Canada: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>alpha-Amylases - pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology ; Antimicrobial quenching ; Biofilm control ; Biofilms - drug effects ; Cetrimonium Compounds - pharmacology ; Cleaning ; Disinfection ; Enzymes ; Flow-generated biofilms ; Microbial Viability ; Peptide Hydrolases - pharmacology ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Pseudomonas fluorescens - drug effects ; Stainless Steel</subject><ispartof>Food research international, 2017-05, Vol.95, p.101-107</ispartof><rights>2017</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-c533bce408001ceb9cdd4cb216dcb31a903efae1fe8fb6fde401f79325171d443</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-c533bce408001ceb9cdd4cb216dcb31a903efae1fe8fb6fde401f79325171d443</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28395817$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Araújo, Paula A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machado, Idalina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meireles, Ana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leiknes, TorOve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mergulhão, Filipe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melo, Luís F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simões, Manuel</creatorcontrib><title>Combination of selected enzymes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in biofilm inactivation, removal and regrowth</title><title>Food research international</title><addtitle>Food Res Int</addtitle><description>Enzymes are considered an innovative and environmentally friendly approach for biofilm control due to their lytic and dispersal activities. In this study, four enzymes (β-glucanase, α-amylase, lipase and protease) were tested separately and in combination with the quaternary ammonium compound cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to control flow-generated biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The four enzymes caused modest reduction of biofilm colony forming units (CFU). Protease, β-glucanase and α-amylase also caused modest biofilm removal. CTAB combined with either β-glucanase or α-amylase increased biofilm removal. Its combination with either β-glucanase or protease increased CFU reduction. However, CTAB−protease combination was antagonist in biofilm removal. Long-term effects in biofilm mass reduction were observed after protease exposure. In contrast, biofilms treated with β-glucanase were able to regrow significantly after exposure. Moreover, short-term respirometry tests with planktonic cells were performed to understand the effects of enzymes and their combination with CTAB on P. fluorescens viability. Protease and lipase demonstrated antimicrobial action, while α-amylase increased bacterial metabolic activity. The combination of CTAB with either protease or α-amylase was antagonistic, decreasing the antimicrobial action of CTAB. The overall results demonstrate a modest effect of the selected enzymes in biofilm control, either when applied alone or each one in combination with CTAB. Total biofilm removal or CFU reduction was not achieved and, in some cases, the use of enzymes antagonized the effects of CTAB. The results also propose that complementary tests, to characterize biofilm integrity and microbial viability, are required when someone is trying to assess the role of novel biocide - enzyme mixtures for effective biofilm control.
[Display omitted]
•The selected enzymes caused modest biofilm control effects.•Biocide-enzyme synergy was found for β-glucanase.•Protease caused long-term biofilm control effects while β-glucanase allowed regrowth.•Biofilm integrity and viability was not compromised with the different treatments.•Protease and α-amylase reduced biocide action against planktonic cells.</description><subject>alpha-Amylases - pharmacology</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antimicrobial quenching</subject><subject>Biofilm control</subject><subject>Biofilms - drug effects</subject><subject>Cetrimonium Compounds - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cleaning</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Flow-generated biofilms</subject><subject>Microbial Viability</subject><subject>Peptide Hydrolases - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pseudomonas fluorescens</subject><subject>Pseudomonas fluorescens - drug effects</subject><subject>Stainless Steel</subject><issn>0963-9969</issn><issn>1873-7145</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkMuOEzEQRS0EYsLAJ4C8ZEE3rnY_3CuEouEhjcQG1pYfZeKo3Z6xnYzC1-MhgS2rKpVOVekeQl4Da4HB-H7fuhhtwtx2DKaWdW2dPiEbEBNvJuiHp2TD5pE38zzOV-RFznvG2DhM83Ny1Qk-DwKmDbnfxqD9qoqPK42OZlzQFLQU11-ngJk--LKjBstpKckHLLvTokKIqz8EqlMM3iL1K9U-Or-E2ipT_PHPvXc0YYhHtVC12tr_TPGh7F6SZ04tGV9d6jX58enm-_ZLc_vt89ftx9vG9NCVxgyca4M9E4yBQT0ba3ujOxit0RzUzDg6heBQOD06W0lw08y7ASawfc-vydvz3bsU7w-Yiww-G1wWtWI8ZAlCjNMATIiKDmfUpJhzQifvalaVThKYfLQt9_JiWz7alqyTdVr33lxeHHRA-2_rr94KfDgDWIMePSaZjcfVoPWpapY2-v-8-A2uXpdq</recordid><startdate>201705</startdate><enddate>201705</enddate><creator>Araújo, Paula A.</creator><creator>Machado, Idalina</creator><creator>Meireles, Ana</creator><creator>Leiknes, TorOve</creator><creator>Mergulhão, Filipe</creator><creator>Melo, Luís F.</creator><creator>Simões, Manuel</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201705</creationdate><title>Combination of selected enzymes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in biofilm inactivation, removal and regrowth</title><author>Araújo, Paula A. ; Machado, Idalina ; Meireles, Ana ; Leiknes, TorOve ; Mergulhão, Filipe ; Melo, Luís F. ; Simões, Manuel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-c533bce408001ceb9cdd4cb216dcb31a903efae1fe8fb6fde401f79325171d443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>alpha-Amylases - pharmacology</topic><topic>Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antimicrobial quenching</topic><topic>Biofilm control</topic><topic>Biofilms - drug effects</topic><topic>Cetrimonium Compounds - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cleaning</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Flow-generated biofilms</topic><topic>Microbial Viability</topic><topic>Peptide Hydrolases - pharmacology</topic><topic>Pseudomonas fluorescens</topic><topic>Pseudomonas fluorescens - drug effects</topic><topic>Stainless Steel</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Araújo, Paula A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machado, Idalina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meireles, Ana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leiknes, TorOve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mergulhão, Filipe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melo, Luís F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simões, Manuel</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Food research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Araújo, Paula A.</au><au>Machado, Idalina</au><au>Meireles, Ana</au><au>Leiknes, TorOve</au><au>Mergulhão, Filipe</au><au>Melo, Luís F.</au><au>Simões, Manuel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Combination of selected enzymes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in biofilm inactivation, removal and regrowth</atitle><jtitle>Food research international</jtitle><addtitle>Food Res Int</addtitle><date>2017-05</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>95</volume><spage>101</spage><epage>107</epage><pages>101-107</pages><issn>0963-9969</issn><eissn>1873-7145</eissn><abstract>Enzymes are considered an innovative and environmentally friendly approach for biofilm control due to their lytic and dispersal activities. In this study, four enzymes (β-glucanase, α-amylase, lipase and protease) were tested separately and in combination with the quaternary ammonium compound cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to control flow-generated biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The four enzymes caused modest reduction of biofilm colony forming units (CFU). Protease, β-glucanase and α-amylase also caused modest biofilm removal. CTAB combined with either β-glucanase or α-amylase increased biofilm removal. Its combination with either β-glucanase or protease increased CFU reduction. However, CTAB−protease combination was antagonist in biofilm removal. Long-term effects in biofilm mass reduction were observed after protease exposure. In contrast, biofilms treated with β-glucanase were able to regrow significantly after exposure. Moreover, short-term respirometry tests with planktonic cells were performed to understand the effects of enzymes and their combination with CTAB on P. fluorescens viability. Protease and lipase demonstrated antimicrobial action, while α-amylase increased bacterial metabolic activity. The combination of CTAB with either protease or α-amylase was antagonistic, decreasing the antimicrobial action of CTAB. The overall results demonstrate a modest effect of the selected enzymes in biofilm control, either when applied alone or each one in combination with CTAB. Total biofilm removal or CFU reduction was not achieved and, in some cases, the use of enzymes antagonized the effects of CTAB. The results also propose that complementary tests, to characterize biofilm integrity and microbial viability, are required when someone is trying to assess the role of novel biocide - enzyme mixtures for effective biofilm control.
[Display omitted]
•The selected enzymes caused modest biofilm control effects.•Biocide-enzyme synergy was found for β-glucanase.•Protease caused long-term biofilm control effects while β-glucanase allowed regrowth.•Biofilm integrity and viability was not compromised with the different treatments.•Protease and α-amylase reduced biocide action against planktonic cells.</abstract><cop>Canada</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>28395817</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.016</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | alpha-Amylases - pharmacology Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology Antimicrobial quenching Biofilm control Biofilms - drug effects Cetrimonium Compounds - pharmacology Cleaning Disinfection Enzymes Flow-generated biofilms Microbial Viability Peptide Hydrolases - pharmacology Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas fluorescens - drug effects Stainless Steel |
title | Combination of selected enzymes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in biofilm inactivation, removal and regrowth |
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