Effects of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids on the acute lethality, accumulation, and enzyme activity of cadmium in Eisenia fetida in a simulated soil solution

In the present study, the effects of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to Eisenia fetida were investigated in a simulated soil solution. The LMWOAs protected E. fetida from Cd toxicity, as indicated by the increased median lethal concentration (LC50) values...

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Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2017-04, Vol.36 (4), p.1005-1011
Main Authors: Liu, Hai‐Long, Wang, Yu‐Jun, Xuan, Liang, Dang, Fei, Zhou, Dong‐Mei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Acids, Acyclic - pharmacology
Animals
Bioavailability
Biological Availability
Cadmium
Cadmium - analysis
Cadmium - metabolism
Cadmium - toxicity
Citric acid
Citric Acid - pharmacology
Complexation
Complexation constant
Edetic acid
Eisenia fetida
Enzymatic activity
Enzyme activity
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids
Lethality
Low‐molecular‐weight organic acids
Malates - pharmacology
Malic acid
Molecular Weight
Oligochaeta - drug effects
Oligochaeta - enzymology
Oligochaeta - metabolism
Organic acids
Oxalic acid
Oxalic Acid - pharmacology
Simulated soil solution
Soil - chemistry
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Soil Pollutants - metabolism
Soil Pollutants - toxicity
Soil solution
Soils
Solutions
Superoxide dismutase
Toxicity
Toxicity Tests, Acute
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Summary:In the present study, the effects of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to Eisenia fetida were investigated in a simulated soil solution. The LMWOAs protected E. fetida from Cd toxicity, as indicated by the increased median lethal concentration (LC50) values and the increased activity of superoxide dismutase. In addition, Cd concentrations in E. fetida decreased dramatically in the presence of LMWOAs. These results were likely because of the complexation between Cd and LMWOAs, which decreased the bioavailability and consequential toxicity of Cd to E. fetida. Notably, LMWOAs reduced Cd toxicity in decreasing order (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA] > citric acid > oxalic acid > malic acid > acetic acid), which was consistent with the decreasing complexation constants between LMWOAs and Cd. These results advance our understanding of the interactions between Cd and LMWOAs in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1005–1011. © 2016 SETAC
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1002/etc.3618