Photostabilized titanium dioxide and a fluorescent brightener as adjuvants for a nucleopolyhedrovirus

Titanium dioxide (TiO2)reflects ultraviolet light, and so could beexpected to protect the occlusion bodies (OBs)of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) fromdegradation by sunlight. However, in thepresence of sunlight and water, TiO2catalyzes the formation of hydrogen peroxide,which can degrade OBs. We test...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioControl (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Netherlands), 2003-10, Vol.48 (5), p.543-560
Main Authors: Farrar, Robert R, Shapiro, Martin, Javaid, Iqbal
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants
Beans
Bioassays
Brightening agents
Feeding rates
Fluorescence
Foliage
Hydrogen peroxide
Occlusion
Occlusion bodies
Sunlight
Titanium
Titanium dioxide
Ultraviolet radiation
Zinc oxide
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Summary:Titanium dioxide (TiO2)reflects ultraviolet light, and so could beexpected to protect the occlusion bodies (OBs)of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) fromdegradation by sunlight. However, in thepresence of sunlight and water, TiO2catalyzes the formation of hydrogen peroxide,which can degrade OBs. We tested microfineTiO2 that had been photostabilized(particles were coated to prevent catalyticactivity), as a UV protectant for the OBs ofthe NPV of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Inthe absence of UV, activity of the OBs wasreduced by nonphotostabilized TiO2 but wasunaffected by photostabilized TiO2 or byzinc oxide (ZnO). None of these materialsinfluenced larval feeding rates. Undersimulated sunlight, photostabilizedTiO2 protected the OBs to a greater degreethan did ZnO. Photostabilized TiO2 wascompatible with a viral enhancer, thefluorescent brightener Blankophor HRS. Undersimulated sunlight, both materials increasedactivity of the OBs, relative to OBs withneither material, in a largely additive manner. In bioassays of foliage collected from fieldplots of lima bean plants sprayed with OBs withor without one or both of these materials,TiO2 increased persistence of the OBs, butBlankophor HRS had no significant effect.
ISSN:1386-6141
1573-8248
DOI:10.1023/A:1025723316426