Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Tumours

Abstract Neuroendocrine tumours are extremely heterogeneous malignancies. Despite marked heterogeneity in clinical course and prognosis, few biomarkers exist to help predict prognosis and guide treatment. Many tumour-based biomarkers (Ki-67, mitotic count, genetic/epigenetic changes and microRNAs) e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 2017-05, Vol.113, p.268-282
Main Authors: Chan, David L, Clarke, Stephen J, Diakos, Connie I, Roach, Paul J, Bailey, Dale L, Singh, Simron, Pavlakis, Nick
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis
Chromogranin A - analysis
Epigenesis, Genetic
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Humans
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid - urine
Ki-67 Antigen - analysis
MicroRNAs - analysis
Mutation
Neoplasm Staging
NETs
Neuroendocrine
Neuroendocrine Tumors - diagnosis
Neuroendocrine Tumors - genetics
Neuroendocrine Tumors - pathology
Nomogram
Positron-Emission Tomography
Prognosis
Review
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Summary:Abstract Neuroendocrine tumours are extremely heterogeneous malignancies. Despite marked heterogeneity in clinical course and prognosis, few biomarkers exist to help predict prognosis and guide treatment. Many tumour-based biomarkers (Ki-67, mitotic count, genetic/epigenetic changes and microRNAs) exist, but only Ki-67 and mitotic count have strong evidence to support their routine use. Blood-based markers are easily repeatable, but currently established biomarkers (chromogranin A and urinary 5-HIAA) are difficult to measure accurately in practice. Structural imaging is used routinely via the TNM system. Functional imaging such as68 Ga-based and FDG PET may become valuable biomarkers with their increasing availability, aided by ongoing quantitative research. Multiple nomograms have been proposed to integrate the above factors, but most have not been prospectively validated and are difficult to use in practice. Further research should aim to establish robust new biomarkers and integrate existing ones to help optimize NET treatment.
ISSN:1040-8428
1879-0461
DOI:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.017