A Comprehensive Review of Immunotherapies in Prostate Cancer

Highlights • Although prostate cancer expresses many tumor associated antigens, its microenvironment is relative immunosuppressive. • Sipuleucel-T is the only approved immunotherapy for prostate cancer and has driven major enthusiasm for testing new agents in this disease. • Various other immune age...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 2017-05, Vol.113, p.292-303
Main Authors: Maia, Manuel Caitano, Hansen, Aaron R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer Vaccines - therapeutic use
Castration-resistant
Clinical Trials as Topic
CTLA-4 Antigen - antagonists & inhibitors
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Humans
Immune checkpoint inhibitor
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Male
Metastatic
Oncolytic viruses
Prostate cancer
Prostatic Neoplasms - immunology
Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology
Prostatic Neoplasms - therapy
Tissue Extracts - therapeutic use
Tumor Microenvironment
Vaccination
Vaccines
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Summary:Highlights • Although prostate cancer expresses many tumor associated antigens, its microenvironment is relative immunosuppressive. • Sipuleucel-T is the only approved immunotherapy for prostate cancer and has driven major enthusiasm for testing new agents in this disease. • Various other immune agents have been tested but failed to show clinical benefit in prostate cancer. • Appropriate patient selection and trial design are crucial; and need to be tailored to account for the unique pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes of immunotherapies. • Here we review the data on completed trials and conclude with future directions, highlighting important aspects that need to be addressed to improve the evaluation of immunotherapies in prostate cancer.
ISSN:1040-8428
1879-0461
DOI:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.026