Imaging spectrum of central nervous system complications of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation

Neurologic complications are common after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and solid organ transplantation (SOT) and affect 30–60% of transplant recipients. The aim of this article is to provide a practical imaging approach based on the timeline and etiology of CNS abnormalities, and n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuroradiology 2017-02, Vol.59 (2), p.105-126
Main Authors: Server, Andrés, Bargalló, Nuria, Fløisand, Yngvar, Sponheim, Jon, Graus, Francesc, Hald, John K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brain
Central Nervous System Diseases - diagnostic imaging
Continuing Education
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Humans
Imaging
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neurological disorders
Neurology
Neuroradiology
Neurosciences
Neurosurgery
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Organ Transplantation
Postoperative Complications - diagnostic imaging
Radiology
Stem cells
Transplants & implants
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Summary:Neurologic complications are common after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and solid organ transplantation (SOT) and affect 30–60% of transplant recipients. The aim of this article is to provide a practical imaging approach based on the timeline and etiology of CNS abnormalities, and neurologic complications related to transplantation of specific organs. The lesions will be classified based upon the interval from HSCT procedure: pre-engraftment period 100 days, and the interval from SOT procedure: postoperative phase 1–4 weeks, early posttransplant syndromes 1–6 months, late posttransplant syndromes >6 months. Further differentiation will be based on etiology: infections, drug toxicity, metabolic derangements, cerebrovascular complications, and posttransplantation malignancies. In addition, differentiation will be based on complications specific to the type of transplantation: allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), heart, lung, kidney, pancreas, and liver. Thus, in this article we emphasize the strategic role of neuroradiology in the diagnosis and response to treatment by utilizing a methodical approach in the work up of patients with neurologic complications after transplantation.
ISSN:0028-3940
1432-1920
DOI:10.1007/s00234-017-1804-4