Increased Root Canal Endotoxin Levels are Associated with Chronic Apical Periodontitis, Increased Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress, Major Depression, Severity of Depression, and a Lowered Quality of Life

• Published in: Molecular neurobiology 2018-04, Vol.55 (4), p.2814-2827
• Main Authors: Gomes, Cinthya, Martinho, Frederico Canato, Barbosa, Décio Sabbatini, Antunes, Leonardo Santos, Póvoa, Helvécio Cardoso Corrêa, Baltus, Thiago Hissnauer Leal, Morelli, Nayara Rampazzo, Vargas, Heber Odebrecht, Nunes, Sandra Odebrecht Vargas, Anderson, George, Maes, Michael
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Biomarkers - metabolism; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cell Biology; Chronic Disease; Dental Pulp Cavity - metabolism; Depressive Disorder, Major - pathology; Endodontics; Endotoxins - metabolism; Environmental effects; Etiology; Female; Gram-negative bacteria; Gum disease; Humans; Linear Models; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mental depression; Metabolites; Multivariate Analysis; Neurobiology; Neurology; Neurosciences; Nitric oxide; Nitrosative Stress; Oxidation; Oxidative Stress; Paraoxonase; Periapical Periodontitis - pathology; Periodontitis; Quality of Life; Root canals; Severity of Illness Index; Teeth; Translocation
• ISSN: 0893-7648; 1559-1182
• DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0545-z

Evidence indicates that major depression is accompanied by increased translocation of gut commensal Gram-negative bacteria (leaky gut) and consequent activation of oxidative and nitrosative (O&NS) pathways. This present study examined the associations among chronic apical periodontitis (CAP), root canal endotoxin levels (lipopolysaccharides, LPS), O&NS pathways, depressive symptoms, and quality of life. Measurements included advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), lipid peroxides (LOOH), −sulfhydryl (SH) groups, total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and paraoxonase (PON)1 activity in participants with CAP, with and without depression, as well as healthy controls (no depression, no CAP). Root canal LPS levels were positively associated with CAP, clinical depression, severity of depression (as measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory) and O&NS biomarkers, especially NOx and TRAP. CAP-related depression was accompanied by increased levels of NOx, LOOH, AOPP, and TRAP. In CAP participants, there was a strong correlation ( r  = 0.734, p