KBG syndrome: An Australian experience

In 2011, heterozygous mutations in the ANKRD11 gene were identified in patients with KBG syndrome. Since then, 100 cases have been described with the expansion of the clinical phenotype. Here we present 18 KBG affected individuals from 13 unrelated families, 16 with pathogenic mutations in the ANKRD...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of medical genetics. Part A 2017-07, Vol.173 (7), p.1866-1877
Main Authors: Murray, Natalia, Burgess, Bronwyn, Hay, Robin, Colley, Alison, Rajagopalan, Sulekha, McGaughran, Julie, Patel, Chirag, Enriquez, Annabelle, Goodwin, Linda, Stark, Zornitza, Tan, Tiong, Wilson, Meredith, Roscioli, Tony, Tekin, Mustafa, Goel, Himanshu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ANRKD11
Basal ganglia
Calcification (ectopic)
Cryptorchidism
Genotype & phenotype
Heart diseases
intellectual disability
KBG syndrome
macrodonti
Mutation
Osteopenia
Palate
Transcription
Viscera
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Summary:In 2011, heterozygous mutations in the ANKRD11 gene were identified in patients with KBG syndrome. Since then, 100 cases have been described with the expansion of the clinical phenotype. Here we present 18 KBG affected individuals from 13 unrelated families, 16 with pathogenic mutations in the ANKRD11 gene. Consistent features included intellectual disability, macrodontia, and the characteristic broad forehead with hypertelorism, and a prominent nasal bridge. Common features included hand anomalies, cryptorchidism, and a large number of palate abnormalities. Distinctive findings in this series included malrotation of the abdominal viscera, bilateral inguinal herniae in two patients, basal ganglia calcification and the finding of osteopenia in three patients. Nine novel heterozygous variants were found and the genotype‐phenotype correlation was explored. This report highlights the need for thorough examination and investigation of the dental and skeletal systems. The results confirm the specificity of ANKRD11 mutations in KBG and further evidence for this transcription repressor in neural, cardiac, and skeletal development. The description of further cases of KBG syndrome is needed to further delineate this condition, in particular the specific neurological and behavioral phenotype.
ISSN:1552-4825
1552-4833
DOI:10.1002/ajmg.a.38121