Velocity attenuation of debris flows and a new momentum-based load model for rigid barriers

• Published in: Landslides 2017-04, Vol.14 (2), p.617-629
• Main Authors: Koo, R. C. H., Kwan, J. S. H., Ng, C. W. W., Lam, C., Choi, C. E., Song, D., Pun, W. K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Attenuation; Barriers; Civil Engineering; Debris; Debris flow; Design; Design analysis; Detritus; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Flow velocity; Fluctuations; Fluid mechanics; Flux; Geography; Geotechnics; Impact loads; Landslides & mudslides; Load; Mathematical models; Natural Hazards; Original Paper
• ISSN: 1612-510X; 1612-5118
• DOI: 10.1007/s10346-016-0715-5

Effective design of mitigation measures against debris flow hazards remains a challenging geotechnical problem. At present, a pseudo-static approach is commonly used for the calculation of impact load acting on a rigid debris-resisting barrier. The impact load is normally calculated based on the maximum velocity observed in the transportation zone under free-field conditions without considering debris-barrier interaction. In reality, the impact load acting on a barrier varies with the change of debris momentum flux but this is seldom considered in barrier design. To provide a scientific basis for assessing debris momentum flux during impact, this paper presents results from a study of debris-barrier interaction using physical flume modelling. This study showed that, following the first stage of impact, the accumulated debris behind a barrier formed a stationary zone and caused the remaining debris to slow down in a run-up process. In the experiments, the peak debris momentum was 30 % lower compared to that observed under free-field conditions. A new momentum-based model was developed to take into account attenuation of momentum flux for predicting debris impact load on rigid barriers. The new rationalised model was assessed using data from the notable Yu Tung Road debris flow in Hong Kong. The assessment showed that the design bending moment at the base of the barrier wall could be reduced more than 30 % using the proposed model, compared with the current design approach. The adoption of the proposed model could offer a new opportunity for practitioners to optimise the design of rigid barriers.