Potential Anti-proliferative and Immunomodulatory Effects of Marine Microalgal Exopolysaccharide on Various Human Cancer Cells and Lymphocytes In Vitro

• Published in: Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2017-04, Vol.19 (2), p.136-146
• Main Authors: Park, Geon-Tae, Go, Ryeo-Eun, Lee, Hae-Miru, Lee, Geum-A, Kim, Cho-Won, Seo, Jeong-Woo, Hong, Won-Kyung, Choi, Kyung-Chul, Hwang, Kyung-A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algae; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Aquatic sciences; B-Lymphocytes - cytology; B-Lymphocytes - drug effects; Biodiesel fuels; Biofuels; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Breast cancer; Cancer therapies; Cell cycle; Cell growth; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Colorectal cancer; Cyclin D1 - genetics; Cyclin D1 - metabolism; Cyclin E - genetics; Cyclin E - metabolism; Cytokines; Cytokines - biosynthesis; Dilution; Engineering; Fatty acids; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Gamma rays; Gene Expression; Humans; Immune system; Immunity (Disease); Immunologic Factors - pharmacology; Immunotherapy; Laboratories; Life Sciences; Lymphocytes; Marine; Metabolites; Microalgae; Microalgae - chemistry; Microbiology; Microorganisms; Original Article; Ovarian cancer; Oxidizing agents; Polysaccharides - pharmacology; Protein expression; Stramenopiles - chemistry; T-Lymphocytes - cytology; T-Lymphocytes - drug effects; T-Lymphocytes - metabolism; Veterinary medicine; Zoology
• ISSN: 1436-2228; 1436-2236
• DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9735-y

Marine microalgal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have drawn great attention due to their biotechnological potentials such as anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-lipidemic, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory activities, etc. In the present study, the EPS derived from microalgae Thraustochytriidae sp.-derived mutant GA was investigated for its anti-proliferation and immunomodulation. Anti-cancer efficacy of the microalgal EPS was examined for the alterations in cell proliferation and cell cycle-related gene expression that occur in three types of human cancer cell lines, BG-1 ovarian, MCF-7 breast, and SW-620 colon cancer cell lines, by its treatment. Alterations in immunoreactivity by the microalgal EPS were examined by measuring its influence on the growth of T and B lymphocytes and cytokine production of T cells. In cell viability assay, the microalgal EPS inhibited cancer cell growth at the lowest concentration of 10 −11 dilution and in a dose-responsive manner within the range of dilution of 10 −11 ~10 −3 . In addition, the protein expression of cell cycle progression genes such as cyclin D1 and E in these cancer cell lines was significantly reduced by the microalgal EPS in a dose- and a time-dependant manner. In cell proliferation assay using T and B cells, the microalgal EPS induced B cell proliferation even at the lowest dilution of 10 −11 , but not T cells. In cytokine assay, the microalgal EPS decreased the formation of IL-6 and INF-γ at 10 −3 dilution compared to the control and had no significant effects on TNF-α. Collectively, these findings suggest that the EPS derived from microalgae Thraustochytriidae sp. GA has an anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells and an immunomodulatory effect by having an influence on B cell proliferation and cytokine secretion of T cells.