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NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons in the human inferior colliculus: morphology, distribution and clinical implications

Using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) reaction with nitroblue tetrazolium, we provided a detailed investigation of the distribution, dimensional characteristics and morphology of NADPH-d-positive neurons in the three main subdivisions of the human inferior collic...

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Published in:Brain Structure and Function 2017-05, Vol.222 (4), p.1829-1846
Main Authors: Hinova-Palova, D., Landzhov, B., Dzhambazova, E., Edelstein, L., Minkov, M., Fakih, K., Minkov, R., Paloff, A., Ovtscharoff, W.
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creator Hinova-Palova, D.
Landzhov, B.
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Ovtscharoff, W.
description Using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) reaction with nitroblue tetrazolium, we provided a detailed investigation of the distribution, dimensional characteristics and morphology of NADPH-d-positive neurons in the three main subdivisions of the human inferior colliculus (IC): central nucleus, pericentral nucleus, and external nucleus. In accordance with their perikaryal diameter, dendritic and axonal morphology, these neurons were categorized as large (averaging up to 45 μm in diameter), medium (20–30 µm), small (13–16 µm) and very small (7–10 µm). Their morphological differences could contribute to varying functionality and processing capacity. Our results support the hypothesis that large and medium NADPH-d-positive cells represent projection neurons, while the small cells correspond to interneurons. Heretofore, the very small NADPH-d-positive neurons have not been described in any species. Their functions—and if they are, indeed, the smallest neurons in the IC of humans—remain to be clarified. Owing to their location, we posit that they are interneurons that connect the large NADPH-d-positive neurons and thereby serve as an anatomical substrate for information exchange and processing before feeding forward to higher brain centers. Our results also suggest that the broad distribution of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the human IC is closely tied to the neuromodulatory action of NO on collicular neurotransmitters such as GABA and glutamate, and to calcium-binding proteins such as parvalbumin. A deeper understanding of the relationship between NADPH-d-positive fibers in all IC connections and their co-localization with other neurotransmitters and calcium-binding proteins will assist in better defining the function of NO in the context of its interplay with the cerebral cortex, the sequelae of the aging process and neurodegenerative disorders.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00429-016-1310-1
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subjects Adult
Aged
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Female
Humans
Inferior Colliculi - cytology
Inferior Colliculi - enzymology
Male
Middle Aged
NADPH Dehydrogenase - analysis
Neurology
Neurons - cytology
Neurons - enzymology
Neurosciences
Nitric Oxide Synthase - analysis
Original Article
title NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons in the human inferior colliculus: morphology, distribution and clinical implications
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