A new species of Gambierdiscus (Dinophyceae) from the south-west Pacific: Gambierdiscus honu sp. nov

Two isolates of a new tropical, epiphytic dinoflagellate species, Gambierdiscus honu sp. nov., were obtained from macroalgae sampled in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, and from North Meyer Island, Kermadec Islands. Gambierdiscus honu sp. nov. had the common Gambierdiscus Kofoidian plate formula: Po, 3′, 6″...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Harmful algae 2017-05, Vol.65, p.61-70
Main Authors: Rhodes, Lesley, Smith, Kirsty F., Verma, Arjun, Curley, Belinda G., Harwood, D. Tim, Murray, Sam, Kohli, Gurjeet S., Solomona, Dorothy, Rongo, Teina, Munday, Rex, Murray, Shauna A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Ciguatoxin
Ciguatoxins - metabolism
Complex Mixtures - toxicity
Cook Islands
Dinoflagellida - classification
Dinoflagellida - genetics
Dinoflagellida - isolation & purification
Dinoflagellida - ultrastructure
Epiphytic dinoflagellates
Gambierdiscus
Injections, Intraperitoneal
LSU rDNA
Maitotoxin
Marine Toxins - metabolism
Mice
Oxocins - metabolism
Phylogeny
Polynesia
Seaweed - parasitology
SSU rDNA
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Summary:Two isolates of a new tropical, epiphytic dinoflagellate species, Gambierdiscus honu sp. nov., were obtained from macroalgae sampled in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, and from North Meyer Island, Kermadec Islands. Gambierdiscus honu sp. nov. had the common Gambierdiscus Kofoidian plate formula: Po, 3′, 6″, 6C?, 6 or 7S, 5‴, 1p and 2⁗. The characteristic morphological features of this species were its relatively small short dorsoventral length and width and the shape of individual plates, in particular the combination of the hatchet-shaped 2′ and pentagonal 3′ plates and the length to width ratio of the antapical 1p plate. The combination of these characteristics plus the smooth thecal surface and equal sized 1⁗ and 2⁗ plates differentiated this species from other Gambierdiscus species. The phylogenetic analyses supported the unique description. Both isolates of G. honu produced the putative maitotoxin (MTX)-3 analogue, but neither produced ciguatoxin (CTX) or MTX. Extracts of G. honu were shown to be highly toxic to mice by intraperitoneal injection (0.2mg/kg), although less toxic by gavage. It is possible that toxins other than putative MTX-3 are produced.
ISSN:1568-9883
1878-1470
DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2017.04.010