Scavenging free radicals and soaring osteoinduction by extra cellular matrix protein–based nanocomposites on degenerative bone treatments

• Published in: Materials Science & Engineering C 2017-08, Vol.77, p.1189-1195
• Main Authors: Kandiah, Kavitha, Duraisamy, Navaneethan, Amirthalingam, Vinoth, Ramasamy, Balagurunathan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aging; Aging (natural); Antioxidants; Biochemical analysis; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Bone and Bones; Bone biomaterials; Bone growth; Bone regeneration; Cell lines; Chitosan; Degeneration; Extracellular Matrix; Free Radicals; Fungicidal activity; Fungicides; Gene expression; Materials science; Matrix protein; Nano-titania; Nanocomposite; Nanocomposites; Nitric oxide; Osteoarthritis; Osteogenesis; Regeneration; Regeneration (physiology); Scavenging; Sulfates; Thiobarbituric acid; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Transplantation
• ISSN: 0928-4931; 1873-0191
• DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.223

A number of materials are now available to alleviate the ever-growing bone disruption. However, these are inadequate and inappropriate for addressing issues associated natural process of aging and degeneration of bone due to diseases. This study advances the existing material and offers more privileged and synergistically active remedy for these conditions. Here, they are three different nano-composites prepared such as nano-TiO2 with chitosan (TC), nano-TiO2 with chondroitin 4-sulfate (TG), and nano-TiO2 with chitosan and chondroitin 4-sulfate (TCG), whereas nano-TiO2 act as a control. The prepared nanocomposite was studied for determining its bactericidal and fungicidal activity by using disk diffusion method. In addition, the osteoinductive, free radical forming, and scavenging abilities of the nanocomposite treated MG-63 cell lines were analyzed using gene expression and biochemical analysis respectively. The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activities of TCG against bone-infecting pathogens can be effectively used in bone transplantation application. The expression of osteoblast-inducing genes in MG-63 cell line and their up-regulation in nanocomposite treatment, especially in TCG, made this material more desirable. The formation of free radicals such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide gradually reduced with the treatment of nanocomposites than control and nano-TiO2. Contrarily, it was found that MG-63 along with nanocomposites statistically increases the production of ALP, antioxidant enzymes (super oxide mutase) and total antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) in several folds compare with the control and nano-TiO2. All the results with statistical scale suggest TCG as an effectual and affordable biomaterial in bone regeneration therapy among the prepared samples. [Display omitted] •The augmented fungicidal (~16mm) activity against bone-infecting pathogens•The significant reduction in free radicals formation with TCG treated MG-63•TCG up-regulates the production of ALP, SOD and FRAP in MG-63.•Offers more privileged and synergistically active remedy for bone degeneration