TGF-β in inflammatory bowel disease: a key regulator of immune cells, epithelium, and the intestinal microbiota

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined as chronic intestinal inflammation, and includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, and the condition is characterized by aberrant mucosal immune reactions to intestinal microbes in genetically...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of gastroenterology 2017-07, Vol.52 (7), p.777-787
Main Authors: Ihara, Sozaburo, Hirata, Yoshihiro, Koike, Kazuhiko
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdominal Surgery
Colorectal Surgery
Dendritic Cells - immunology
Epithelium - metabolism
Extracellular Matrix - metabolism
Gastroenterology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Hepatology
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - drug therapy
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - immunology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - metabolism
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - microbiology
Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
Lymphocytes - immunology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Review
Signal Transduction
Surgical Oncology
Transforming Growth Factor beta - immunology
Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism
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Summary:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined as chronic intestinal inflammation, and includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, and the condition is characterized by aberrant mucosal immune reactions to intestinal microbes in genetically susceptible hosts. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an immune-suppressive cytokine produced by many cell types and activated by integrins. Active TGF-β binds to its receptor and regulates mucosal immune reactions through the TGF-β signaling pathway. Dysregulated TGF-β signaling is observed in the intestines of IBD patients. TGF-β signal impairment in specific cell types, such as T-cells and dendritic cells, results in spontaneous colitis in mouse models. In addition, specific intestinal microbes contribute to immune homeostasis by modulating TGF-β production. In this review, we describe the role of TGF-β in intestinal immunity, focusing on immune cells, epithelium, and intestinal microbes. In addition, we present potential therapeutic strategies for IBD that target TGF-β.
ISSN:0944-1174
1435-5922
DOI:10.1007/s00535-017-1350-1